PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT, ELDER ABUSE, AND FAMILY STRUCTURE AS CORRELATES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Advancements in sciences and technology have improved mortality rates across the globe resulting in more people living beyond sixty-five years of age. However, old age is usually characterized by numerous health, social, emotional, and psychological challenges that impinge on their psychological well-being. Hence, efforts are needed to identify factors that could influence the psychological well-being of elderly persons. This study investigated the roles of perceived social support, elder abuse, and family structure (polygamous & monogamous) on the psychological well-being of older adults.

Research Design and Methods: Two hundred older adults from 4 Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State participated in this study. Participants completed three instruments: The Wellness Belief Scale, Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S EAST), and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale. Hierarchical Multiple Regression was used for data analysis.

Results: Social support explained 34% of the variance in psychological well-being. Support from family, significant other, and friends was positively associated with psychological well-being. Elder abuse negatively predicted psychological well-being, explaining 3% of the variance in psychological well-being. The family structure did not significantly predict psychological well-being among older adults.

Discussion and Implications: Findings imply that adequate support from all involved in care-giving to older persons could buffer their negative experiences. Additionally, caregivers and the local authorities should put practical measures and policies in place to protect them from all forms of abuse to ensure their sustainable psychological well-being.

Keywords: Elder abuse, family structure, Psychological Well-being, Public Policy, and Social Support