AFRICAN JOURNAL FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOCIAL ISSUES

INCIDENCE OF RAPE AS PERCEIVED BY TERTIARY INSTITUTION STUDENTS IN ONDO, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

M.K. SOETAN — 2024-09-10

This study investigated incidence of rape as perceived by tertiary institution students. A survey research design was used in the study. The population consisted of all students in Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. A sample of two hundred and fifty students were randomly selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was subjected to pilot test in which Cronbach alpha reliability method was used. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. Data was analysed using mean, ranking and t-test. The results revealed that there is incidence of rape. It was also found that gender, marital status and family type have significant influence on perception of incidence of rape among tertiary institution students (t = 6.20; p<0.05; t = 9.371, p<0.05 and t = 4.964, p<0.05) respectively while religion does not (t = 1.002, p>0.05). It was therefore recommended that public attitudes towards rape should be changed through the use of media, theatre, public meetings, religious meetings and debates among others.

Keywords: Incidence, perception, rape

HOUSEHOLD WATER ACCESS AND CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Olutoyin FASHAE — 2024-09-10

This study is centred on exploring household water accessibility and challenges of the public water supply system in the Ibadan metropolis. Using qualitative method of data collection, the study elicited information from the Water Corporation of Oyo State, Nigeria Meteorological Agency and Oyo State Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, as well as the relevant stakeholders in selected communities of Ibadan North and Ibadan South-East Local Government Areas. Findings suggested that climate change does not significantly affect water availability in dams. The research areas primarily utilize precipitation, boreholes, and wells as primary water sources, indicating that communities lack access to any public or government water source. Water Corporation faces challenges in providing public water due to intermittent power supplies, poor government funding, and high raw material costs. Other challenges include road construction, population growth, overuse of facilities, vandalism, poor pipeline maintenance, government policies, public ignorance, lack of structural plans, and rusting pipes. The paper concluded that the government should investigate the water corporation and identify community water provision issues. Monitoring the corporation's affairs to ensure the availability of necessary equipment and materials, project implementation, continuity, and sustainability.

Key Words: household, potable water, accessibility, public, supply system

¹Department of Geography, Faculty of The Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2 Department of Sociology Faculty of The Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria/Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. [email protected]">[email protected]

³Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, Canada

⁴ Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management , University of Ibadan, Nigeria

⁵ Department of Sociology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria

PATIENTS’ CARE SATISFACTION AND FOETAL LOCUS OF CONTROL AS PREDICTORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING CLINIC AT GENERAL HOSPITAL AKURE, ONDO STATE

Omolola Esther AREMO — 2024-09-10

Pregnancy has been one of the identified conditions that relatively impact on the women’s quality of life especially in developing countries where many pregnant women patronise non-orthodox treatment during the pregnancy stages. The quality of life among pregnant women needs more attention by the stakeholders as it is reported that many pregnant women are having poor wellbeing during their pregnancy stage. The study, therefore, examined the prediction of quality of life by care satisfaction and foetal locus of control among pregnant women. This study adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study was the pregnant women attending clinic at General hospital Akure, Ondo state. Sample of 300 pregnant women were selected using multistage sampling technique. An instrument comprised of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOLBREF) questionnaire, 50-item patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-SF) and 18-item foetal health locus of control Scale (FHLCS) were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The data analysed using frequency counts and percentages while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using multiple linear regressions and simple linear regression. The results revealed that foetal health locus of control significantly predict quality of life {F (3,296) =28.194, R²=0.471, p=.01} among the pregnant women in Akure, Ondo State. It was further shown that Patient care satisfaction accounted for 8.1% of the variance in quality of life (?=0.28, t=5.11, p=.001), Thus, indicates that patient care satisfaction significantly predict quality of life among pregnant women in Akure, Ondo state. The study concluded that foetal locus of control and care satisfaction predicted quality of life of pregnant women in General hospital in Akure, Ondo state.

Keywords: Quality of life, Foetal locus of control, Patient care satisfaction, Pregnant women.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GLOBALISATION AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA (1999 – 2019)

Oladiran AFOLABI — 2024-09-13

One of the greatest challenges of any nation is that of feeding her citizens. Different analytical perspectives had been used to examine the food problem while the root cause has been situated in many sources and claims. In the Nigerian context, in spite of the country’s enormous human and natural resources, and the formulation and implementation of a number of high-quality policies aimed at improving the food situation of the country, hunger is still widespread. This paper explores the shift in policy focus by government from subsistence agriculture, as a way of life, to commercial agriculture as a business within the context of globalization. The paper shows that the Nigerian food situation had not fare better in the face of globalization. Ethno-sectional considerations have continued to intrude into the process of allocation in the food and agricultural sector and the implementation of food policies in Nigeria, with grave consequences on sustainable food security. To properly globalize the Nigerian agricultural system towards improving the nation’s food situation and enhancing food security, there is the need to harmonize agricultural policies with other agencies active in promoting food production in the country, in line with the socio-cultural milieu and the food preferences of the people.

KEYWORDS: Globalization, Political Economy, Food Security, Socio-Cultural Milieu, Nigeria

LONELINESS AS DETERMINANT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS OF AWAITING-TRIAL INMATES IN LAFIA CORRECTIONAL CENTRE, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Sani A.S. OMAKU — 2024-10-01

This study investigated the influence of loneliness on Psychological Distress of awaiting trial inmates in Lafia Correctional Centre, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Cross sectional Survey design was adopted for the study. 243 participants consisting of 213(87.7%) males and 30 (12.7%) females were randomly selected using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for the study were the Perceived Social Support Scale and Psychological Distress scale. Data collected were analyzed using linear regression analysis. One hypothesis was tested and the results of the hypothesis indicated that loneliness (Friends support, Family support, and Significant support) significantly influence Psychological distress among awaiting trial-inmates in Lafia correctional center, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, and the result was supported (R²=110, F(3,239)=9.862; p=.000]. It was concluded that, psychological treatments components such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavior Modification should be included as active rehabilitation and reformation programs of awaiting-trial inmates in Nigeria. This will contribute to the evidence-based approach to rehabilitation. The researchers recommended among others that awaiting trial inmates should be educated on the influence of loneliness on psychological distress.

WOMEN IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION: THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN BUILDING RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Amaka Theresa Oriaku EMORDI — 2024-10-14

The marginal representation of women in local government administration is the missing link between building resilience and sustainable local government development. The role of women in local government development is vital for the achievement of UN sustainable development (SDGs) and the AU Agenda 2063. Women occupy a very critical position in society right from their family levels. At the family, their role in the transmission of cultural values, and formation of the character and personality of the children cannot be over-emphasized. Women and development are two things that go hand in hand. However, the position and vital role of women have long been neglected by development partners and stakeholders. No society can develop fully while ignoring any of the sexes, especially women. The continued marginal representation of women is argued to be the bane of local government development in Nigeria. Women are important partners in development; nations cannot continue to bear the high cost of not involving them in development planning. Methodologically, the paper Applied the Marxist feminist theory and qualitatively gathered data through a literature review and used other digital sources to answer questions such as What is women’s importance in Local Government development in Nigeria? To what extent are women excluded from local government administration in Nigeria? What is the role of Women in Local Government Development? The paper found that mainstreaming women in local government governance and administration is a sure answer to building resilience and sustainable development and that women should be placed on the frontline in contemporary national and international sustainable development planning.

COLONIALISM AND GENTRIFICATION IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

Muhammad Ribadu AYUBA — 2024-10-21

Gentrification and colonialism are two distinct yet similar urban phenomena. In this study, an attempt was made to establish not only the similarity of the two social phenomena but also the entrenchment of the former in the latter as well as their spill-over effects in postcolonial Nigeria. Previous studies have documented evidences of the existence of these phenomena independently but only few tend to focus on the nexus between gentrification and colonialism. Thus, drawing from a larger PhD empirical data, this paper triangulated Social Action Theory and Marxist Alienation Theory to provide cogent sociological analysis of the phenomenon under study. It also combined primary and secondary sources of data. The primary source entailed collection of data through six sessions of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and six participants in Life History (LH) techniques. Peer reviewed journal articles and archival records were the secondary sources used. The study found gentrification to be a progeny of colonialism because the earliest traces of gentrification were found to originate in British urban colonial policies. The post-independence processes of gentrification were merely a continuation of elitist colonial urban policy that is largely anti poor. This accounts for, not only the ever-widening gap of inequality between the urban elites and their poor counterparts, but also the increasing aggressive tendencies in the poor due to the alienating effects of gentrification. Recommendations are made for Lagos state government to make a deliberate effort at ensuring an all-inclusive urban policy that takes into consideration various interests in the state irrespective of their socioeconomic statuses.

Key words: Gentrification, colonialism, displacement, alienation, action

THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS BETTING ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF YOUTHS IN ABAKALIKI METROPOLIS: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

Ogbonnia Eze EZE — 2024-09-09

The debilitating impacts of gambling behaviour such as sports betting have continued to cause chaos in the psychological wellbeing of young adults across the world. Unsuccessful gamble outcomes have left emotional scars in the psychological functioning of youths in Abakaliki metropolis. These problems are examined in this study through the narrative inquiry qualitative approach. Twenty (20) youth bettors were sampled through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Narrative interviews were conducted with the respondents and data gathered were subjected to narrative analysis. The study was anchored on the cognitive theory of gambling. Findings indicate that the wellbeing of the participants was adversely impacted as their incomes seem to be lost to gambling which had psychological implications in their lives. Findings further revealed that participants experienced unpleasant emotions, anger, sadness and feelings of irritability. Other psychological problems experienced by participants include; alcohol and other substance abuse, sleeplessness, betting obsession, nervousness and anxiety. It is concluded that gambling outcomes has negatively affected the emotional wellbeing of the participants. We recommend that government should enforce tighter regulations on gambling while gambling education should be embraced in schools.

Keywords: Sports, Betting, Youths, Psychological, wellbeing

ANGER EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN ADOLESCENCE: CORRELATES WITH SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SKILLS, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Florence Omumu — 2024-11-15

The relationship between teenage anger management, social-emotional learning (SEL), and emotional intelligence (EI) is investigated in this integrative review. A thorough review of empirical research shows that SEL and Emotional Intelligence (EI) programs enhance academic performance, social skills, and emotional regulation while also dramatically reducing anger-related problems. Cognitive-behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based techniques are two counselling strategies that have been shown to be effective in reducing anger and aggressiveness. For EI and SEL to be implemented effectively, teacher preparation, parent-teacher collaborations, and continuous program assessment are essential. This review emphasizes the value of giving social-emotional learning a top priority and offers suggestions for further study, application, and legislative efforts. The results highlight how emotionally intelligent, socially adept, and resilient teenagers can be developed through EI and SEL programs.

Keywords: anger management, emotional intelligence, social-emotional learning, counselling interventions, adolescents, emotional regulation

INFLUENCE OF GROUP COHESIVENESS AND INDIVIDUATION ON CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR TENDENCY AMONG EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES

Damilola Ayodele OSEKITA — 2024-09-09

This study examined the influence of group cohesiveness and individuation on criminal tendency behaviour. The study employed an expo facto research design, which is a type of survey research. A total of 274 participants were selected from the Ekiti State University students. Data used for the study were collected using a well-structured questionnaire consisting of the Group Cohesion Scale, Individuation Scale and Criminal Attitude and Association Scale. Results showed that group cohesiveness (t =6.409, p <.05) and individuation (t=2.033, p<.05) are good predictors of criminal tendency behaviour among EKSU undergraduates. It was also revealed that there is no significant difference in criminal tendency behaviour between male and female genders (t=.055, p >.05), and also no significant difference in criminal tendency behaviour was experienced among EKSU undergraduates across different ages (F (2, 271), p>.05). The study recommends providing proper interventions, such as orientation programmes, to enhance students’ sense of individuality and personal responsibility. Additionally, further research is needed to examine the factors influencing group cohesiveness and cultural factors influencing criminal tendencies

Keywords: criminal behaviour, group cohesion, individuation, criminal tendency behaviour

MEASURING HOW OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE RELATES TO ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG SENIOR NON-TEACHING EMPLOYEES OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA, NIGERIA

Kingsley Onyibor NWEKE — 2024-09-09

Democratic elections have historically attracted a larger number of participants, leading politicians and incumbent governments to seek an understanding of personality traits that guarantee unwavering support from voters. This study specifically focuses on how openness to experience relates to electoral behaviour among senior non-teaching employees of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. This research aims to investigate whether openness to experience predicts electoral behaviour among senior non-teaching employees of Nnamdi Azikiwe University. A total of 133 non-teaching employees volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly selected. Data was collected using two instruments: the Electoral Behavior Scale and the Openness to Experience dimension of the Personality Trait Inventory. The study adopted a correlational design and the data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment and Linear Regression Statistics. The results F (1,131) =.398, P <.05, indicated a positive and significant relationship between openness to experience and electoral behaviour among senior non-teaching employees of Nnamdi Azikiwe University. This suggests that individuals with a higher degree of openness to experience are more likely to exhibit favourable electoral behaviour. This study adds to the subject area by highlighting the importance of openness to experience as a predictor of electoral behaviour. By identifying this personality trait, politicians and stakeholders can focus on increasing awareness of electoral perceptions among individuals with high openness to experience, ultimately leading to an increased gain in electoral support necessary for successful election outcomes.

Keywords: Electoral-Behaviour, Employees, Non-Teaching, Openness-to-Experience

INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT PRACTICE ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING CAPABILITY AND MOTIVATION TO LEARN IN OWERRI

Emmanuel Ojaga OKOIYE — 2024-09-10

This study investigated influence of teachers’ formative assessment practice on secondary school students’ Self-regulated learning capability and motivation to learn in Owerri. Using a descriptive survey design of quantitative nature, 300 secondary school teachers were randomly selected from fifteen secondary schools in Owerri Municipal in Imo State for the study. The influence of teachers’ formative assessment practice on secondary school students’ self-regulated learning capability and motivation to learn scale (? = 0.83) was used for data collection. Three research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested. Data collected were analysed using Mean Deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that teachers’ formative assessment practice has significant positive influence on secondary school students’ Self-regulated learning capability and motivation to learn. Also, self-regulated learning capability made the highest contribution on students ability to learn due to the use of formative assessment practice by teachers during classroom teaching and learning interactive process (?=0.296) followed by motivation (?=0.127) which made the least contribution. Likewise, formative assessment practice significantly correlates with secondary school students’ self-regulated learning capability to learn, r (298) = 0.332, p<.05. Furthermore, teachers’ formative assessment practice correlates significantly with secondary school students’ motivation to learn, r (298) = 0.274, p<.05. Therefore, it was recommended that teachers should endeavour to constantly use formative assessment practice during classroom teaching exercise as a measure to monitor student progress and adjust instruction to ensure continuous improvement on students’ learning standard.

Keywords: Formative assessment practice, Motivation, Self-regulated learning, School and Students’

INFLUENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT, WORK-LIFE BALANCE, INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND WORKLOAD ON BURNOUT AMONG NURSES IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL

A. I. ALARAPE — 2024-09-10

Nurses as one of the main primary caregivers experience burnout as a result of high workload, shortage of staff, lack of proper rest periods between shifts, etc. Previous studies on burnout focus more on organisational variables with scant attention on personal factors. This study therefore, examined the influence of mental health support, work-life balance, interpersonal relationships and workload on burnout among nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 350 nurses using a cross-sectional survey design. The results revealed a significant difference between the burnout of nurses who received high mental health support (M = 2.79, SD = 0.39) and those who received low mental health support (M = 3.47, SD = 0.32), t(348) = 17.91, p < .01; had low work-life balance (M = 2.88, SD = 0.44) and high work-life balance (M = 3.45, SD = 0.36), t(348) = -13.32, p < .01; had high interpersonal relationships within their teams (M = 2.71, SD = 0.29) and nurses who experienced low interpersonal relationships (M = 3.51, SD = 0.28), t(348) = -25.69, p. < .01; who experienced high workload (M = 3.48, SD = 0.32) and those who experienced low workload (M= 2.73, SD = 0.31), t(348) = 21.65, p < .01. Mental health support, work-life balance, interpersonal relationships, and workload jointly predicted burnout (R² = 0.64, F(4, 345) = 149.44, p < .05). Mental health support (? = .47, t = 7.26, p < .05), work-life balance (? = -.11, t = -2.75, p < .05), and workload (? = .30, t = 6.53, p < .05) independently predicted burnout among nurses, while interpersonal relationships (? = -.029, t = -.45, p > .05) did not. Mental health support, work-life balance, interpersonal relationships, and workload influenced burnout among nurses at the University College Hospital. Management of the hospital should develop mental health support programmes, promote work-life balance, foster positive interpersonal relationships, and reduce nurses’ workload.

Keywords: Mental health support, Work-life balance, Interpersonal Relationships, Workload, Burnout

“RUMINATION REDUCTION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELF-COMPASSION AND PROBLEM-SOLVING THERAPIES WITH GENDER AND AGE AS MODERATORS”

Joseph Olusola FEHINTOLA — 2024-09-10

This study determined the effects of self-compassion therapy (SCT) and problem solving therapy (PST) on ruminating behaviour among university students in Oyo state, Nigeria. The moderating effects of gender and age were also examined. Cognitive-emotional processing theory provided the framework, while the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x3 factorial matrix was adopted. A sample of 66 students was selected using purposive sampling technique from three selected universities in Oyo state. The participants were randomly assigned to SCT (15), and PST (21) and control (30) groups. Participants in the SCT and PST groups were exposed to eight weeks training simultaneously, while those in the control group were given routine positive life living as placebo. Ruminating Behaviour Scale by Nolen-Hoeksema (1991) (? =.80) and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire prepared by Bernstein et al (2017) (?=.86) were used to collect data. Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe Post-hoc test were used to analyse data at ? = 0.05 level of significance. There was significant main effect of treatment on ruminating behaviour among the participants (F_{(2, 47)}= 3.114, partial ?² = 0.54). The participants in SCT attained smallest ruminating behaviour mean score (44.27), followed by PST (= 44.71) and the control group ( = 53.80). There was a significant main effect of age on ruminating behaviour (F_{(2, 47)}= 4.002, partial ?² = 0.146). Participants who are young adults ( = 36.59) had smallest ruminating mean score than those who are middle and older adult groups ( = 45.19 and 55.53) respectively. Self-compassion and problem solving therapies were effective in the reduction of ruminating behaviour among university students in Oyo state, Nigeria, though the former was more effective. Age is a strong factor for consideration in ruminating behaviour. Counselling psychologists should utilize these therapies in reducing ruminating behaviour.

Keywords: Rumination Reduction, University Students, Comparative Study, Self-Compassion therapy, Problem-Solving therapy, Moderators

ATTACHMENT TO MOTHER AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS AS CORRELATES OF MARITAL SATISFACTION

Solomon A. AGU — 2024-09-10

The objective of this study was to assess whether attachment to mother and psychological symptoms are correlates of marital satisfaction and to determine if there will be an interaction between different levels of attachment to mother and psychological symptoms in determining the level of marital satisfaction. 294 participants were drawn from the population frame of Staff of University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. They comprise of 131 married men and 164 married women. The age range of the participants were between 23years and 63years. The mean and the standard deviation of their age were 44.5 and 8.77 respectively. Multi stage sampling technique was adopted to select the sample units and participants. The instruments used to collect data are Attachment to Mother Scale (AMS-26), sub scale of Symptom Distress Checklist (SCL-90) and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS). The study adopted a combination of correlation design and cross-sectional survey design. The data were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r), and Moderated Multiple regression. The result showed that attachment to mother and psychological symptoms correlated significantly with marital satisfaction, while correlation coefficient between hostility and marital satisfaction among the studied sample was not significant. Also, the interaction between anxiety and anxiety attachment; neuroticism and anxiety attachment were significantly positive. While anxiety and close attachment; neuroticism and close attachment; neuroticism and depend attachment; depression and anxiety attachment; depression and close attachment were significantly negative. Some of the findings were concordance with existing research and have implication for therapists in understanding the role of attachment to mother and psychological symptoms in marital harmony. The main limitations of the study were highlighted and suggestions were given for further studies. The study concluded that different levels of attachment to mother and psychological symptoms interact to influence marital satisfaction.

Key Words: Attachment, Psychological Symptoms, Marriage, Satisfaction, Mother

‘SHOW NO MERCY IN THE OTHER ROOM’: EXAMINING LOCAL ALCOHOLIC APHRODISIAC CONSUMPTION AMONG MALE YOUTH IN RURAL ABEOKUTA, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

Olasupo Olakunle Thompson — 2024-09-24

There has been a significant increase in the consumption and abuse of aphrodisiacs among youths worldwide, with serious health and societal implications. This paper investigates the consumption of local alcoholic aphrodisiacs and their health impacts on male youths in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria. Utilizing qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 21 purposively sampled participants, the study finds that these young men consume the drinks primarily due to the belief that they enhance sexual performance, treat conditions like piles, provide consolation, and boost ego. Many are unaware of the substances' contents and associated health risks. The study also highlights the effects of government bans on these beverages. The paper emphasizes issues such as stereotyped masculinity, the sexualization of drinks, and the need for responsible drinking practices. It calls for a comprehensive approach by stakeholders, including the government, to develop informed, inclusive, and effective policies.

Keywords: Youth, Africa, Nigeria, Alcohol, Aphrodisiac, Public policies,

GET RICH FAST’ SYNDROME AND THE RITUAL KILLINGS OF WOMEN IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

Patience OGBO — 2024-10-01

The fight to halt violence against women is still a huge struggle. Unfortunately, ritual related crime of ‘’get rich fast’’ syndrome has further exacerbated violence against women in Nigeria -which is a particularly extreme kind of violence against women. In order to prepare ritualistic concoctions that can make the offenders wealthy, protect and advance them, ritualists target the breasts, vulva, ovaries, head, and other physical parts of women and girls. Existing research have studied kidnapping for ritual, its consequences for security and prevalence targeting minors, lunatics, the physically impaired and albinos but little attention had focused on the ‘’get rich fast’’ syndrome of ritual killing as a form of gender-based violence against women in Nigeria. The study explained ritual related crime considered a pervasive trend against women by men in south-western Nigeria as an absurd get ‘’rich fast syndrome’’. The study detailed how women fall victims, their relationship with the male perpetrators and the reason for this act against women. Three Nigerian newspapers—the Punch, the Sun, and Vanguard—that covered ritual-related crimes from January 2019 to June 2022 had their content analyzed. These chosen publications are widely read and have their headquarters in Lagos south west Nigeria. The states of Oyo, Lagos, and Ogun were deliberately chosen because they are economically strong, draw young women looking for better opportunities and have a disproportionately high incidence of criminal vices. A total of 1008 publications were analysed during the period under review. The results reveal that 54 men with just one woman who acted as an accomplice to her husband was involved in the ritual related killing of women. This shows that males are the ones who commit crimes against women related to rituals, therefore making it gender based violence against women.

The result also shows that women are more likely than men to be victims of crimes associated to rituals, reasons for this include women not being physically strong like the men, these women trusted their male partners who use romance, her quest for marriage as a bait to lure and extract her bodily parts. The result also shows that social –cultural beliefs as well as patriarchy which see women as less than men and next in line after slaves to be used for ritual purposes are also contributing factors to the slaying of women for ritualistic get rich fast money. Also, the result shows that another reason for ritualistic men targeting women is the low status of women where her reproductive parts like her breast, vulva and other parts are deemed portend for get rich fast concoctions to be prepared by herbalist.

Discussions on ritual crimes are generally broad, but women are being targeted for their body parts by desperate men who, with the help of ritual doctors, prepare these severed female parts for quick money rituals. Ritual-related crime against women demands immediate attention. Thus, in order to stop this terrible trend, the government must apply a gender lens to address ritual-related crime and use all available tools to ensure that it is completely removed from society. Addressing crime will also address gender-exacerbated violence against women.

Key words: ritual crime, get rich fast syndrome, domestic violence, yahoo plus.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISPLACEMENT: YOBE STATE'S BAOBAB COMMUNITIES UNDER THREAT

P.O AWONIYI — 2024-10-21

Climate change poses a significant threat to communities worldwide, particularly vulnerable rural populations This study investigates the complex relationship between climate change, displacement, and livelihood erosion in rural communities within Yobe State, Nigeria. Focusing on Yobe State allows for an in-depth examination of how desertification, drought, and other climate stressors are forcing people to abandon their homes and traditional livelihoods. The research emphasizes the socioeconomic consequences of this displacement, highlighting the loss of income, disruption of social networks, and increased hardships faced by women, children, and the elderly. The study also critically evaluates the coping mechanisms employed by affected communities to adapt to their changing circumstances. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative and qualitative data to provide a nuanced understanding of climate-induced displacement in Yobe State. The findings aim to inform policy recommendations tailored to the region. These recommendations will centre on strengthening adaptive capacities, promoting climate-resilient practices, and developing sustainable solutions for displaced populations. By shedding light on the human cost of climate change in Nigeria, this study contributes to the development of policies that protect vulnerable communities and promote resilience in the face of environmental challenges.

Keywords: Climate change, Displacement, Desertification, Livelihood, and Vulnerability

MATERNITY POLICIES AND THE OPT-OUT PENALTY: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN IN STEM FIELDS IN NIGERIAN PRIVATE FIRMS

P.O AWONIYI — 2024-10-21

The underrepresentation of women in STEM fields persists globally, and Nigeria is no exception. The "opt-out" phenomenon, where women leave their careers due to work-family conflicts, is a significant concern. This case study investigates the experiences of women in STEM at a Nigerian fintech company, examining how maternity policies, work-life balance, and company culture influence their career paths. The study reveals that despite policy compliance, the lack of formalized flexible work arrangements and subtle biases create barriers for women returning from maternity leave. The perceived career penalties, undervalued contributions, and challenges of balancing childcare contribute to the decision to "opt-out" for some. The company culture lacks inclusivity, with few women in leadership roles. The study underscores the need for Nigerian private sector companies to go beyond minimum maternity leave mandates and cultivate supportive, inclusive workplaces to retain and advance women in STEM.

Keywords: Gender equality, STEM careers, Maternity leave Policies, Work-life balance.

CONCEPTION AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH IN GWAFAN COMMUNITY OF JOS NORTH NIGERIA

Tabitha D. HUSSEIN — 2024-09-09

Mental health difficulties faced by individuals all over the world have been on the increase since the outbreak of covid-19 pandemic. Some of these difficulties are easily identified while others are not because the challenges are internalized, yet many individuals in that state do not receive treatment. This paper framed from a social psychological perspective is an attempt to gauge the conception and misconception of mental health in Gwafan community, Jos North Plateau State, Nigeria. The aim is to ascertain which side of the scale the pendulum swings; whether authenticity, hearsay or speculations. This is necessary because there is no available data to show the perception of mental health in Gwafan community. In a broad sense, mental health education and awareness is necessary for a healthy community development. However, in a society such as Nigeria, that is not knowledge base, information thrives faster than its authenticity, people easily embrace hear-say, speculations, superstition and supernatural. This paper sets out to examine the level of awareness of the people on mental health, or the lack of it. Additionally, it seeks to ascertain their access to mental health services and good practices. Data collected through field study by the use of descriptive research design, sampling both literate and illiterate persons for an interview in Gwafan Community by a purposive sampling technique. The study found a high level of misconception about mental health in the community and recommends Psychoeducation, awareness raising and campaigns to raise the awareness level on mental wellbeing and triggers that serves as stressors to mental health challenges as well create psychological safe spaces where people can disclose and discuss issues that are related to their mental health.

Keywords: Concepts, Misconceptions, Mental Health, Mental health problems and illness

ASSESSMENT OF SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-CONCEPT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN OGBOMOSO, SOUTHWESTERN, NIGERIA

Oluwaseyi Isaiah OLABISI — 2024-09-09

Background: Visual impairment has been shown to affect young people’s emotional and psychological well-being. This study therefore assessed the level of self-esteem, self-concept and psychological distress of virtually disabled students.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed in this study. Census sampling technique was used to recruit 61 visually disabled from a selected secondary school in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Rosenburg self-esteem, self-concept and K10 psychological distress questionnaire were used to collect the data. Analysis was carried out using SPSS 21.

Results: Out of the 61 participants, 32 (52.5%) of the participants were less than 20 years. About 94% had good self-esteem, four fifth (88%) had severe psychological distress, and 93.1% had good selfconcept. The self-concept (r = -0.262; p < 0.001), self-esteem (r= -0.159; p=0.007) are negatively correlated with psychological distress.

Conclusion: Students with visual-impairment exhibited good self-esteem and good self-concept but demonstrated high level of psychological distress

Keywords: Self-concept, self-esteem, students with visual impairment,, students, psychological distress

IMPACTS OF RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY IN MANAGING PRE-RETIRMENT ANXIETY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OYO STATE

Samuel Ekundayo, OLADIPO — 2024-09-09

Pre-retirement ianxiety iis ia icommon ipsychological iconcern iamong iteachers iapproaching iretirement iage. iThis istudy iexamined ithe impacts iof irational iemotive ibehaviour itherapy i(REBT)) iin imanaging ipre-retirement ianxiety iamong isecondary ischool iteachers iin iOyo iState. iThis istudy iwas ianchored ion ithe ipropositions iof idisengagement itheory. i

A ipre-test-post-test icontrol igroup iquasi-experimental idesign iwith ia ifactorial imatrix iwas iadopted ifor ithe istudy. iThe ipopulation iconsisted iof iall isecondary ischool iteachers iin iOyo iState. iParticipants iwere irandomly iassigned iinto ione iexperimental igroups iand ione icontrol igroup: i(REBT iand iControl). iThe iinstruments iwere iused ito icollect idata: i iA istimulus iresponse iinstruments i(REBT iTraining iPackages) iand iresponse iinstruments i(Pre-Retirement iAnxiety iScale i(? i= i0.86). iTwo ihypotheses iwere itested iat ia isignificance ilevel iof i0.05. iData iwere ianalysed iusing iAnalysis iof iCovariance i(ANCOVA). i

Findings irevealed isignificant imain ieffect iof itreatment ion ipre-retirement ianxiety iamong isecondary ischool iteachers i(F_{i( i2,70 i)}= i7.416, iP i< i0.05, i?^{2 i}= i0.186). iParticipants iexposed ito iREBT i( i= i58.638) ihad ithe ihighest ipre-retirement ianxiety imean iscore iand icontrol igroup i( i= i45.126). iGender ihad ia isignificant imain ieffect ion iretirement ianxiety iamong isecondary ischool iteachers i( iF i_{(1,70) i}= i4.914, ip i< i0.05, i?^{2 i}= i0.070), imale iparticipants idisplayed ihigher imean i( i= i55.25) iin ipre-retirement ianxiety ithan itheir i ifemale icounterparts i( i= i47.37). i

Ifindings revealed that iREBT ireduced ipre-retirement ianxiety. iTherefore, iit iis irecommended ifor icounsellors ito iadopt iREBT iin iassisting iteachers ito iovercome iretirement ianxiety.

Keywords: iPre-retirement, iAnxiety, iRational iEmotive iBehaviour iTherapy,Gender. i

RESILIENCE AS CORRELATE OF MORAL RECTITUDE AMONG SCHOOL-LEAVERS OF FAITH-BASED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OGUN-EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT, NIGERIA.

Tolu OGUNLEYE — 2024-09-10

Evidence abound across the globe attesting to high rate of immoral and unruly behaviours among youth and Nigeria is not an exception as well. Moral decadence and different forms of indiscipline are on the increase. It is presumed that teaching basic religious values to children will assist in addressing the problem, but contrary seems to be the case in Nigeria. This study examined resilience as a correlate of moral rectitude among school leavers of faith-based Secondary Schools in the study area. One research question and one research hypothesis was formulated and tested in this study. Two research instruments were used to data collection. The only hypothesis stated was tested using Pearson Moment Correlation statistic method. Descriptive research design was employed and sample of the study was selected using multi stage sampling procedure. One thousand nine hundred and twenty (1920) faith-based secondary school students form the sample size. The findings of the study identified significant correlation of resilience on moral rectitude of school leavers of faith -based schools in the study area. Result showed that resilience correlated significantly with moral rectitude of school-leavers of faith-based secondary schools (r = .84; p < 0.05) . In line with the finding of the study, it was recommended that for the society to address moral laxity among adolescents, moral education should be made compulsory in schools and colleges . Regular webinar should be organised for school counsellors to assist them better in discharging their roles of imparting values to students.

Keywords: Faith-based school, moral rectitude, correlate, religiosity, resilience, school-leavers.

IDENTIFICATION OF INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED SCHOOL CHILDREN IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING AND SPECIAL EDUCATION PRACTICES

Mutiu Owolabi, ADESOLA — 2024-09-10

This paper explores the challenges and strategies involved in identifying and supporting gifted and talented individuals, emphasising the critical role of special education and counselling in meeting their unique needs. Giftedness, traditionally defined by high IQ scores, is now understood as a multifaceted concept encompassing a broad range of intellectual, physical, and psychomotor abilities. The identification of gifted children, particularly in Nigeria, is complex and requires both informal (subjective) and formal (objective) approaches that complement each other. Without proper identification and support, gifted children may become disengaged or underperform. The paper highlights the necessity for specialised educational programmes, trained educators and counsellors, and adequate resources to address the diverse cognitive, social, and emotional needs of these children. The paper concludes on the importance of a multidimensional understanding of gifted children in guiding effective counselling and educational practices. Finally, the paper recommends a clear, expert-defined concept of giftedness and a continuous, needs-based identification process to maximise the potential of gifted individuals in Nigeria.

Keywords: Gifted children, identification, special education, counselling, tailored programmes

PSYCHOSOCIAL AND SEIZURE-RELATED FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING CHANGES AMONG NEWLY CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH SEIZURE DISORDER IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

M. O. GABRIEL — 2024-09-10

Cognitive decline is a concern among individuals diagnosed with seizure disorder. Duration of the illness before commencing treatment, seizure frequency, and medication are also factors that have been associated with the condition. The nature, characteristics, course, and effects of these factors are of growing interest among newly diagnosed children and adolescents with seizure disorders. These factors can have adverse psychological consequences on this population, thus compromising the capacity to acquire adequate skills for survival and increasing the possibility of ending up as a burden to caregivers. Extant literature focused on seizure disorders among adults; this study, therefore, investigated psychosocial predictors (age, perceived stigmatization, perceived discrimination, and self-esteem) of changes in cognitive function among children and adolescents newly diagnosed with seizure disorder.

Cognitive Reserve, Passive models, Functional Working Memory, Self-concept, and Sociometer theories guided the study, while a descriptive survey design was adopted. Sixty children between the ages of five years and sixteen years newly diagnosed with seizure disorder at the Child and Adolescents Mental Health Centre of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital were purposively selected. A structured questionnaire comprising Children’s self-concept scale (?=0.73), Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children version 4 (WISC-IV) Verbal (?=0.94), Performance (?=0.90), and Full scale (?=0.96) was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and Hierarchical regression at p<0.05.

The participants’ age was 12.3 years ± 2.3. There was a significant positive relationship between age (r = .38), perceived discrimination (r = .59), and cognitive functioning. Perceived discrimination, self-esteem, and perceived stigmatization significantly predicted cognitive functioning among children and adolescents with seizure disorder. (R²= 0.35, ?R² = 0.32. F = 10.76, df = 3,6). Perceived discrimination (?= .67, t =3.72), age (? = 9.6, t =2.49), self-esteem (?=.02, t= 0.98), and Perceived stigmatization (? = .082. t =2.75) had independent significant contributions to cognitive functioning changes among children and adolescents with seizure disorder. Seizure disorder factors revealed that type of seizure, onset of seizure, and frequency of seizure contributed significantly to the change observed in the prediction of cognitive functioning (R²= 0.41, ?R^{2 =}0.34, F = 6.52, df =6,57).

Perceived stigmatization, Perceived discrimination, and self-esteem were decisive factors that determine cognitive function changes among newly clinically diagnosed children and adolescents with seizure disorder in Lagos. The public should be enlightened about the danger of stigmatization and discrimination of children and adolescents with seizure disorder through psycho-educational programs for parents and caregivers.

Keywords: Cognitive functioning, Perceived discrimination, Self-esteem, Perceived stigmatization, Seizure

SOCIAL SUPPORT, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND GENDER AS DETERMINANTS OF RETIREMENT SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL RETIRED TEACHERS IN OYO TOWN, NIGERIA

Omolara Olubosede AREWA — 2024-09-10

Retirement satisfaction is a critical aspect of well-being in later life, particularly for professionals such as teachers who have dedicated their careers to public service. This study examined the influence of social support, locus of control, and gender on retirement satisfaction among secondary school retired teachers in Oyo Town, Nigeria. Despite the growing body of research on retirement experiences globally, there is limited understanding of these factors in the Nigerian context, especially among educators. To address this gap, a cross-sectional, correlational research design was employed, with participants selected through a multistage sampling procedure from two Local Government Areas. Data was collected from 200 retired teachers (mean age = 65.3 years, SD = 7.2; 55% female) using validated instruments: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, and the Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (RSI). Multiple regression analysis revealed that gender was the strongest predictor of retirement satisfaction (? = -.975, p < .001), followed by social support (? = .114, p < .001), while locus of control did not significantly contribute to the model (? = .034, p = .147). Collectively, these variables accounted for 90.1% of the variance in retirement satisfaction. The findings underscore the complex interplay of personal and social factors in shaping retirement experiences and highlight the need for gender-sensitive approaches in retirement planning and support for Nigerian educators. This study contributes to the growing literature on retirement satisfaction in diverse cultural contexts and provides valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions in developing targeted interventions to enhance the quality of life for retired teachers.

Keywords: Retirement satisfaction, locus of control, social support, retired teachers, gender

SECURITY RISK AND SURVIVAL STRATEGY OF POS BUSINESSES IN IBADAN METROPOLIS

Aniefiok Amos Jacob — 2024-09-26

Point-of-Sale (POS) technology has been widely adopted for financial transactions across the world and now forms the basis for the cashless policy in Nigeria. However, this widespread use of POS services has created more risk for operators. Related studies focused on the emergence and adoption of POS as a technology, yet there are few studies on the incorporated strategies of operators amidst security risk in Ibadan Metropolis. The study, therefore, took a critical look at the security risk and adaptive strategies deployed by POS operators in Ibadan metropolis.

Routine Activity theory provided the theoretical framework for the study, while the descriptive design was adopted. Ibadan was purposively selected due to its status as one of Nigeria's most populous and dynamic economies, where the utilization and acceptance of cashless payment systems have increased, resulting in a higher level of risk associated with POS operations. The purposive sampling technique was used to sample 384 POS operators and users. Ten (10) in-depth interviews were conducted with POS business owners and operators who had prior experience and knowledge of POS security risks. Qualitative data were content and thematic analyzed while the quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS in line with tables.

The socio demographic profile indicates that respondent between the ages of 18 and 39 are the primary users and operators of POS. while the literate are most prone to using POS. The manifestations of POS associated security risk are data breaches, fraud, theft, with the nature and incidences expressed through the use of social engineering skills, counterfeiting of currency. The use of counter social engineering skills like being smart and knowledgeable of the trick’s perpetuators use and use of security protocols were identified as the adaptive strategies used by POS operators to address the associated issues.

The study, therefore recommends establishing a safe and secure environment with robust security measures, increasing awareness of risks and measures, provision of good insurance policy to cater for financial loss in case of fraud and theft occurrence, loan assistance to improve robust security measures at POS outlet, and providing good regulations to guide the conduct of both users and operators.

Keywords: Point of Sale (POS), security risks, adaptive strategies, security measures, terminals

PEER INFLUENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AS DETERMINANTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA

Sani A.S. OMAKU — 2024-10-01

This study investigated peer influence and psychological distress as determinants of substance abuse among University Students in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to select a sample of 150 substance abusers. Their demographic characteristics stands as male 107(70.5%), and female 44 (29.5%). Also, their age ranges from 19-46 years old. In addition to providing demographic data, participants responded to (3) standardized self-report, including socio-demographic questionnaires. Data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. On the whole, three hypotheses were formulated and inferentially tested at 0.05 level of significant, using simple linear and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that peer influence significantly predict substance abuse (? = .299, t = 3.890; p <.000). In addition to the finding, psychological distress significantly predicts substance abuse (? = .389, t = 5.233; p<.000). Lastly, result showed that peer influence and psychological distress predict substance abuse (R² = .325; F (3, 152) = 24.362; p<.000). Furtherance to this result, observation of coefficient of determination accounted for 32.5% of the total variance observed in substance abuse among University students in Nigeria. Given these results, the study concluded that peer influence and psychological distress significantly predict substance abuse among University students in Nigeria. In this light, workshops should be organized for students in Nigeria on psychosocial factors like peer influence and psychological distress in order to equip students with better life skills.

Key words: Peer pressure, Psychological distress, Substance Use, University Students

INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR OPTIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF MARITIME TRANSPORT SECTOR IN NIGERIA

Nse B OKON — 2024-10-21

The study examines several investment opportunities for optimizing the efficiency of the maritime transport sector in Nigeria and it reviews the significance of the sector as a vehicle for revenue diversification of the national economy. It highlights the investment opportunities in the sector based on the wide range of service activities provided to vessels, cargo and inland transport. Furthermore, the study identifies alternative sources of funding investments and the need to explore them through bilateral and multilateral agreements with multinational shipping and logistics firms and other nations. The study uses descriptive survey design and simple random sampling technique to draw a sample of 219 from the target population of 396. Descriptive statistics was used and data were obtained from interviews, empirical literature and media reports to identify the investment opportunities, challenges and prospects to enhance the efficiency of the maritime transportation sector. Structured interview (involving focus group) was used to identify the following challenges in the sector: lack of funding, maritime insecurity, foreign dominance, obsolete regulatory instruments, lack of automation of operations, insignificant participation of indigenous shipping operators, and undeveloped inland waterways system. The findings revealed that the challenges identified have contributed to the inability of indigenous shipping operators to compete effectively against foreign firms and that if investment opportunities in the sector were well utilized, they would enhance trade facilitation, ease import/export flow, reduce cost of logistics, and minimize attendant corruption, while improving the efficiency and transparency of port processes. Thus, the paper recommends that Government should: encourage private sector involvement by offering them incentives to invest in infrastructure and services in coastal and inland waterway transportation; explore public-private partnerships, equity investments, and project financing arrangements; encourage investment in the sector towards full digitization through automation to integrate Nigerian port towards port community system.

Key words: Investment, optimizing, public-private partnership, infrastructure, funding

PERCEIVED INTRA PROFESSIONAL CONFLICTS, SOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG NURSES IN SELECTED TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA

Afam C. Ndu — 2024-11-15

Following the numerous benefits associated with EHR, adoption of EHR has increased dramatically in most countries of the world since 2009. With the ongoing radical changes in nursing profession in Nigeria, the adoption of EHR by nurses in Nigeria is long overdue. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate intra-professional conflict among nurses, sources and coping strategies in selected tertiary Health facilities in the south east zone of Nigeria. A cross sectional survey design was employed and a sample size of 997 nurses participated in the study .The instruments used for the study were questionnaire and a structured interview .The instrument were validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two other experts from nursing and health department University of Nigeria Enugu Campus .A cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained .Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 16.00.Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics . Findings revealed lack of clarity of task (0.001), unclear job description for new nurses (0.000) and who to delegate job (0.001) as types of intra professional conflicts among nurses .Out of the nineteen source of intra professional conflict examined in the study, only three, petty jealousy (0.89), nursing goal to be achieved (0.73) personal animosity against the nurse manager (0.15) were not significant. Also only Eleven out of twenty five coping strategies yielded significant outcome (see chapter four) .Test of hypotheses showed that sources of conflict increases with age (P< .05); source of intra professional conflict increase with qualification(P<.05) increases. Finally, coping strategies were found to be higher in females than males. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of intra professional conflict among nurses .Based on the findings, the study recommends among other things inclusion of professional conflict management course in the educational curriculum of nurses, improved welfare package, frequent seminars and workshops on professional conflict management.

Keywords: Coping strategies, health workers, Intra professional conflict, nurses,

PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY, ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, GENDER AND AGE AS PREDICTORS OF WORK ENGAGEMENT AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN IMO STATE

Ethelbert Chinaka NJOKU — 2024-09-09

The study examined psychological safety, ethical leadership, gender and age as predictors of work engagement among academic staff of tertiary institutions in Imo state. Two hundred fifty three (253) participants who were made up of 119 males and 134 females were selected through a convenience sampling technique from four tertiary institutions in Imo State, Participants were within the ages of 30-64 years with the mean age of 42.67 and a standard deviation of 8.45. Three instruments; Team Psychological Safety (Edmondson, 1996), Ethical Leadership Work Scale (Karianne, Deanne, & Annebel, 1997), and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli, Salanova, Gonzalezz-Roma, & Bakker, 2002) were used for the study. The design of the study was cross sectional survey design while data were analyzed using Zero-order correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. The result of the study showed that gender, and age were not predictors of work engagement. On the other hand, psychological safety significantly predicted the three dimensions of work engagement (dedication, absorption and vigour), and overall work engagement. Ethical leadership also significantly predicted work engagement. This study recommends that Industrial Psychologists in academic institutions and other work setting should promote ethical behaviour in both supervisors and subordinates by investing in management training programs that will enhance both leader and followers ethical behaviour.

Keywords: Psychological Safety, Ethical Leadership, Work Engagement, Gender, Age

SELF-CONTROL AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AS PREDICTORS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Solomon A. AGU — 2024-09-09

Social media addiction is an important mental health concern with steadily increasing prevalence in young people along with physical, psychological, and academic issues. To reduce social media addiction, an understanding about its influencing factors is required. A total of 218 participants comprising 115 male and 103 undergraduate students participated in the study. The participants were between the ages of 18-27 years with mean age of 23.17 and standard deviation of 2.33. Participants were selected making use of simple random sampling technique from the population of Natural Science Faculty (107) and Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (111) Enugu State University of Science and Technology Agbani, Enugu. Self-Control Scale-Brief Version (Tangney et al., 2004); Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMDS; Andreassen, et al., 2017) were used in the study. The result showed that self control negatively and significantly predicted social media addiction (? = -.87, t = -16.93, at P > .01). The contribution of self control in explaining the variance in social media addiction was 47% (?R² = .47). Also, Personality characteristics (Extraversion: ? = .22, t = 3.75, at P > .01; Agreeableness: ? = -.15, t = -6.63, at P > .01 and Neuroticism: ? = .76, t = 17.27, at P > .01) predicted social media addiction. The contribution of Personality characteristics in explaining the variance in social media addiction was 26% (?R² = .26). The findings were discussed in view of literature reviewed and recommendations were made.

Key Words: Addiction, Personality, Self-Control, Social Media, University

MODERATING EFFECT OF GENDER ON EFFICACY OF POSITIVE SELF-TALK AND TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS ON SELF-DEFEATING BEHAVIOUR AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS

J.T.B OLUWATIMILEHIN — 2024-09-10

Self-defeating behaviour is gradually becoming an issue of public concern in Nigeria and adequate research focus is yet to be given to it due to other pressing health concerns. The degree of self-defeating behaviour experienced among secondary school adolescents in recent times is quite high and the negative feedback from this challenge calls for attention. This study therefore investigates the effectiveness of positive self-talk and transactional analysis in reducing self-defeating behaviour among secondary school adolescents, focusing on gender differences and treatment outcomes. The study adopted pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2 factorial matrix. Ninety-six participants were purposively selected from three public secondary schools in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria, and assigned to positive self-talk, transactional analysis, and control groups. Two validated research instruments were used to generate data; socio-demographic profiles and the Self-Defeating Behaviour Scale. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and descriptive statistics. Results revealed a significant main effect of treatment on self-defeating behaviour among secondary school adolescents (F(2, 77) = 151.781, p < .05, ?2= 0.798). Positive self-talk was found to be more effective than transactional analysis in reducing self-defeating behaviour. Additionally, gender differences were observed, with males exhibiting higher levels of self-defeating behaviour than females (F(1,77)= 8.928, p<0.05, ?2= 0.104). However, gender did not significantly moderate the effect of treatment on self-defeating behaviour (F(2, 77) = 2.662, p > .05). These findings highlight the efficacy of positive self-talk in mitigating self-defeating behaviour and underscore the importance of considering gender differences in addressing this issue among adolescents. The study underscores positive self-talk and transactional analysis's efficacy in addressing self-defeating behaviour among adolescents, emphasizing tailored interventions and comprehensive approaches. Further research and intervention implementation in educational settings are recommended to support adolescent well-being and development.

Key words: positive self-talk, transactional analysis, self-defeating behaviour, adolescents, gender differences, treatment outcomes, effectiveness