AFRICAN JOURNAL FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOCIAL ISSUES
The African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues is dedicated to the Scientific investigation of psychological and social issues and related phenomenon in Africa. The journal does not undertake to specify rigidly an appropriate domain of context, but intends rather to reflect current significant research of psychology and social issues. Although the journal primarily publishes reports of empirical research, other types of papers relevant to the development of an African view of psychology (such as theoretical analyses, literature reviews, methodological notes, observations on published articles etc.) are also sought. Volumes 1-15 can be accessed HERE
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RETHINKING HEARING CARE PATHWAYS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA: COMMUNITY NORMS, FOLK EXPLANATORY MODELS, AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS OF OTC SELF-MEDICATION
Objective: The paper is a perspective article focusing on how community norms and folk explanatory models determine attitudes towards over-the-counter (OTC) self-medication for hearing-related problems in Osun State, Nigeria, and the consequential effects on overall public health and audiology practice. Design: A literature review based on a narrative synthesis of literature, policy documents, and regional reports, alongside the development of a conceptual framework to map care pathways. The research utilizes peer-reviewed articles, health reports, and qualitative information about hearing health, self-medication behaviors and sociocultural determinants of hearing in southwestern Nigeria, particularly, Osun State. Results: Folk models of blockage (e.g. wax or dirt in the system), infection (e.g. perceived worms or heat), spiritual (e.g. curses or witchcraft), aging (e.g. old age), and noise exposure (e.g. generators and loud music) are dominant folk explanatory models. Practices driving OTC use include oils, kerosene, ear drops, antibiotics, herbal remedies, prayers, and analgesics. These behaviors are upheld by community norms (trust in peers and traditional healers, stigma of hearing loss, financial limitations), which result in ear canal trauma, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), missed professional treatment, and missed rehabilitation. These pathways are conceptualized through the suggested framework (Norm " Explanatory Model " OTC Practice " Consequence), illustrating broader systemic effects, including extra strain on healthcare facilities. Conclusions: To reduce unsafe OTC dependence, multisectoral and culturally sensitive interventions are required. Key strategies in Osun State include training pharmacists and traditional healers as referral gatekeepers, regulation of antibiotic stewardship by regulatory agencies, dissemination of culturally sensitive public health messages through local media, school- and community-based screening programs, and subsidized rehabilitation services. Urgent implementation research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. Incorporating local beliefs into policy and practice is essential to attain equitable hearing care in resource-limited settings such as Nigeria. Keywords: Hearing loss; Nigeria; Osun State; explanatory models; over-the-counter medication; audiology; public health; antimicrobial resistance
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A REVIEW OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS OF UNMET NEEDS, SYSTEMIC BARRIERS, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL-WELLBEING IMPACTS.
Background: The provision of prosthetic, orthotic (P&O), and hearing assistive devices in Nigeria represents a critical but severely neglected component of healthcare, rehabilitation, and social inclusion. Despite a high burden of disability, access to these life-changing technologies remains critically low, with profound implications for physical and psychosocial well-being. Objective: This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the availability, systemic barriers, and psychosocial impact of assistive technologies in Nigeria. It aims to quantify access gaps, analyze the interconnected barriers perpetuating "cycles of scarcity," and propose an integrated, multisectoral framework for systemic reform. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online) and semantic search tools were queried for literature from 1981 to 2025. Sixty-one studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed through narrative synthesis across pre-defined domains: quantitative access, device types, barriers, service infrastructure, psychosocial outcomes, and proposed solutions. Results: The synthesis reveals a profound systemic crisis. Only 9-12% of Nigerian amputees access prosthetic devices, with similarly low adoption rates for hearing aids. Access is crippled by a multi-layered barrier system: prohibitive costs, severe geographic maldistribution of services, critical shortages of trained personnel, profound awareness and knowledge gaps, and culturally inappropriate device design. Despite these barriers, robust evidence demonstrates that access to appropriate devices yields significant psychosocial benefits, including higher quality of life scores, reduced odds of depression and anxiety, and enhanced social participation. Indigenous innovations and recent policy developments, such as a N20 billion Foreign Direct Investment for local production, offer pathways for change but are insufficient to meet national need. Conclusion: Transforming Nigeria's assistive technology sector from a story of scarcity to one of inclusion requires urgent, coordinated action. A foundational step is the development of Nigerian-specific anthropometric and audiometric data to inform contextual device design. This must be coupled with parallel reforms in financing, local manufacturing, workforce development, and the integration of community-based, psychosocially-informed service delivery models. Addressing this crisis is a matter of fundamental healthcare equity, social justice, and economic productivity. Keywords: prostheses, orthoses, hearing aids, assistive technology, access barriers, Nigeria, low- and middle-income countries, psychosocial well-being, health systems, community-based rehabilitation
INFLUENCE OF SLEEP QUALITY AND AGE ON PRIMIGRAVIDA HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
The first pregnancy may be associated with mixed feelings of happiness and negative expectations. Primigravida may expect their first child-bearing experience to be frightening, extremely difficult and painful which can affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study investigated the influence of sleep quality and age on health- related quality of life among primigravida in Ibadan. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Seven hundred and sixty-eight (768) primigravida attending ante-natal care were purposively selected in nine government hospitals in Ibadan. These selected participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 41 with a mean age of 93.6. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information of primigravida, World Health Organization Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to collect data. The hypotheses raised were tested using stepwise linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result revealed that out of seven sleep quality components (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of medication and daytime dysfunction), only sleep disturbance has a statistically significant independent influence on HRQoL of primigravida but sleep quality components jointly influence HRQoL of primigravida in Ibadan. Primigravida within 22-37 ages reported a higher level of HRQoL than their younger (18-21) and older counterparts (38-41). The study concluded that sleep quality components if enhanced could improve health-related quality of life among primigravida. Keywords: Sleep quality, Age, Quality of life, Health-related quality of life, Primigravida
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SUCCESSION PLANNING AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS OF SOUTH-SOUTH GEOPOLITICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
The study examines talent management strategies and organizational effectiveness in tertiary institutions of south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The objectives were to: assess the effect of leadership development on the effectiveness of tertiary institutions in South-South; assess the effect of potential candidates tracking on competitive advantage of tertiary institutions in South-South; and examine the effect of potential talent identification on the innovativeness of tertiary institutions in South-South. The study adopted the the Godden (2004) formula to determine the sample size of 582 out of a population of 18,924 (with a response rate of 96%) in ten universities in South-south of Nigeria, and the accepting sample was 558. The questionnaire was structured in a rating scale of 5 point Likert. Simple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The study finds that there is a significant effect of leadership developments on the effectiveness of tertiary institutions in South-South; Communication and collaboration improve organizational effectiveness, accountability and responsibility enhance organizational effectiveness, influence and negotiation improve organizational effectiveness, change management improves organizational effectiveness, self-awareness and emotional intelligence improve organizational effectiveness, coaching and mentoring improve organizational effectiveness and continuous learning culture improve organizational effectiveness and leadership development programs are crucial in fostering positive work environments and enhancing work productivity. Accordingly, among others, the study recommends that the institutions should: develop and apply standardized criteria for evaluating potential candidates based on key competencies such as problem-solving, teamwork, adaptability, and leadership ability; deploy integrated talent identification software to track performance, competencies, career progression, training history, and leadership potential of employees. Keywords: effectiveness, succession, competitive advantage, talent, management
PARENTAL SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AS DETERMINANTS OF CHILD NEGLECT IN LAGOS STATE.
The study examined the socioeconomic status of parents as determinants of child neglect in Lagos state. The research design is descriptive while a sample of 273 participants was selected using a multiple sampling technique. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Two research hypotheses were formulated while data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that child neglect is mostly correlated with parent’s occupation with correlation coefficient (r = 0.485), followed by parental income (r = 0.323) while level of education has the least coefficient (r= 0.02) and also insignificantly positively correlated with child neglect, furthermore, there was a joint significant relationship of independent variables parent’s (occupation, income and level of education) on dependent variable child neglect. Finally, regression model revealed the relative contributions of each of the parental socio-economic status (occupation, income and level of education) to the dependent variable (child neglect). Parental occupation is the most significant predictor of child neglect (β =0.432, t = 16.825, p < 0.05), followed by parental income (β =0.140, t = 5.439, p < 0.05) and parental level of education (β =0.051, t = 2.160, p < 0.05) respectively. Furthermore, all the predictors have a positive influence on child neglect. The study recommended that parents should be given some form of orientation about what constitute child abuse and neglect. Teachers should sensitize parents on the importance of proper childcare and education and the negative effects of child neglect on children’s education and development while offenders of child abuse should be sanctioned. Keywords. Parental Socioeconomic Status, Child Neglect
MENTAL HEALTH AMONG SENIOR CITIZENS: EXAMINING THE PREDICTIVE ROLE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS
Mental health has remained a recurring issue for the senior citizens globally. While studies have linked social isolation and loneliness to the mental health of senior citizens in many developed countries, studies in Nigeria are sketchy. Therefore, this study examines the predictive ability of social isolation and loneliness on mental health among senior citizens in Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted while purposive sampling technique was used to select three communities in the study area. Data were collected from 342 senior citizens using validated scales and analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression to test an hypothesis which was accepted at p <.01 level of significance. The results demonstrated that loneliness positively predicted mental health among study participants (ß = .21, p < .01, R2 = .04). In addition, the result revealed that social isolation positively but marginally predicted mental health among study participants (ß = .12, p < .05, R2 = .01). The novelty of this study is that it is the first time social isolation and loneliness are investigated among semi-and rural senior citizens in Ebonyi State. The study recommends implementing routine mental health assessment on loneliness and building programmes that would reduce social isolation to improve mental health among senior citizens in the study population. Keywords: Social Isolation, Loneliness, Mental Health, Senior Citizens, Ebonyi State.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN OYO SOUTH SENATORIAL ZONE, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.
This study investigated the relationship between leadership styles and organizational performance in local government administration within Oyo South Senatorial Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research problem centered on how leadership practices influence the efficiency, service delivery, and overall performance of local governments. The objectives were to examine the effects of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles on organizational performance. A descriptive survey design was adopted, focusing on staff across selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo South. Data were collected using structured copies of questionnaires validated from prior leadership and performance studies, and analyzed using SPSS through regression and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that There was a significant relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance in local government administration in Oyo South Senatorial Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria. The finding also revealed that there was no significant relationship between transactional leadership and organizational performance in local government administration in Oyo South Senatorial Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria. Finally, the finding revealed that there was no significant relationship between laissez faire leadership and organizational performance in local government administration in Oyo South Senatorial Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria. Therefore, the study has provided empirical evidence on the role of leadership in enhancing local governance performance and contribute to the development of effective leadership strategies in Nigeria’s public administration. Keywords: Leadership Style, Organizational Performance, Local Government Administration, Oyo South Senatorial District
INFLUENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON JOB SATISFACTION IN INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA.
This study investigated the influence of human resource management practices on employees' job satisfaction in the insurance industry in Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the research aimed to assess how recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation management, and performance appraisal affect job satisfaction. The study employed a descriptive survey research design with an ex-post facto approach to analyze the relationship between HR practices and work outcomes. The target population consisted of 183 employees at Leadway Assurance, Ibadan, Oyo State. Using Taro Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 125 employees was determined for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire divided into sections on socio-demographic information, human resource management practices, and employee job satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically T-tests for independent measures, with results interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0. Findings revealed that recruitment and selection significantly influenced job satisfaction in Insurance Industry, Ibadan, Oyo State [t (117) =.10.32, p<.05]; training and development significantly influenced job satisfaction in Insurance Industry, Ibadan, Oyo State [t (117) =.11.54, p<.05]; competency-based performance appraisal significantly influenced job satisfaction in Insurance Industry, Ibadan, Oyo State [t (117) =.13.76, p<.05]; compensation and rewards significantly influenced job satisfaction in Insurance Industry, Ibadan, Oyo State [t (117) =.13.76, p<.05. The study concluded that these HR practices are crucial in enhancing employee work outcomes. Based on these findings, the study recommended that insurance companies invest in advanced recruitment and selection tools to ensure the right fit for their organizational culture. Additionally, regular and tailored training and development programs should be implemented to keep employees engaged and updated with industry trends, ultimately leading to improved job satisfaction and performance. Keywords: Human Resource, Management Practices, Recruitment and Selection, Training, Compensation Job Satisfaction.
INFLUENCE OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN HOTEL INDUSTRY, IN LAGOS, NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED HOTELS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.
The study investigated the influence of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices on environmental performance in hotel industry in Lagos, Nigeria, focusing on selected hotels. The specific objectives were to assess the relationship between green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, green compensation, and green organizational culture and their impact on environmental performance. An ex post facto research design was employed, targeting a population of 184 employees from three hotels in Ikeja, Lagos. Using the Taro Yamane formula, a sample size of 126 respondents was determined. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire combining close-ended and open-ended questions, ensuring comprehensive responses. Multiple linear regression analysis, conducted via SPSS, was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that green recruitment and selection [F(1,1241)=25.27 ,P<0.001) R² = 0.17], green training [F(1,1241)=38.15 ,P<0.001) R² = 0.24], green performance management [F(1,1241)=23.08 ,P<0.001) R² = 0.16], green compensation [F(1,1241)=10.21 ,P<0.001) R² = 0.08]), and green organizational culture [F(1,1241)=48.92 ,P<0.001) R² = 0.28] all significantly influenced environmental performance, with green involvement showing the strongest effect. The study concluded that GHRM practices were critical for enhancing environmental sustainability in the hotel sector, validating theories such as the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity model and Resource-Based View. Recommendations included integrating green criteria into recruitment, enhancing environmental training programs, embedding green metrics in performance appraisals, offering incentives for eco-friendly behaviors, and fostering employee involvement in sustainability initiatives. The study suggested further longitudinal research to explore long-term impacts and comparative studies across industries to enhance generalizability. Keywords: Green Human Resource Management, environmental performance, hotel industry, sustainability practices, Lagos State Nigeria, hospitality sector
INLAND DRY PORTS AND INTERMODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM: MECHANISMS TO RECALIBRATE TRADITIONAL LOGISTICS SERVICES BETWEEN SEAPORTS AND THEIR HINTERLANDS IN NIGERIA
The paper focuses on the role of inland dry ports and intermodal transport system in recalibrating traditional logistics services between seaports and their hinterlands in Nigeria. The study identifies the challenges involved in the recalibration of traditional logistics services between seaports and their hinterlands in Nigeria and the inherent benefits to be derived. It used descriptive survey method to draw a sample of 406 respondents through simple random sampling technique and it used descriptive statistics in the data analysis. Questionnaire and interview were used to elicit information from primary source of data, while secondary data came from 12 organizations in addition to media report and literature review. The findings show that it will take automated IDPs and functional intermodal transport services to contribute significantly to recalibrate traditional logistics services between seaports and their hinterlands in Nigeria, and that shippers will be certain to receive better and reliable services because there will be effective planning and processes due to digitalization of operations. However, some of the challenges identified in this respect are the absence of regulatory framework for meaningful inland dry port development; the absence of political and operational will to automate IDP operations; absence of a unifying umbrella body for the numerous firms that provide hinterland transport services and the absence of incentive for cooperation among the operators who provide hinterland transport services. Therefore, the study recommends that government should provide platform to automate IDP operations and processes and provide incentives to encourage effective coordination of the numerous firms involved in providing hinterland transport services.
META-ANALYSIS ON PARSIMONY-PARAMETER MODEL FOR EVIDENTIAL ACCURACY AND PRECISION
Psychological measurement focuses on the nearest approximation of a construct or latent variable it purports to measure. But being inappropriately parsimonious would constitute failure to model such psychological phenomena and, on the other hand, excessive modeling of phenomena would amount to over-parameterization. This challenge requires suitable psychometric strategies to ensure evidential accuracy and precision. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis, based on two one-sided tests (TOST) using Neyman-Pearson analysis and I-squared (I2) statistic, was conducted towards developing parsimony-parameter model for evidential accuracy and precision. The initial candidate studies generated were 112 but only 15 studies which satisfied the required inclusion-exclusion criteria were retained. TOST for equivalence test, as computed effect size, facilitated determining inference(s) while Neyman-Pearson analysis pre-specified type 1 error and then I2 have checked for heterogeneity. The findings [0.9 and 1.1 (H0: P1/P2 < 0.9 or P1/P2 > 1.1 versus H1: 0.9 < P1/P2 < 1.1)] rejected the resulting effect size larger than any equivalence bounds which pre-specified type 1 error rate and those showing the true effects that are as extreme as such equivalence. By indicating a balance between parsimony-parameter versus evidential accuracy and precision, this meta-analysis significantly supports the assumption that a parsimony-parameter model facilitates ensuring significant psychometric evidential accuracy and precision. Since the originating equation reflects the features of evidential accuracy and precision it purports to represent, any inference from the resulting model applies to overall psychometric properties and not only to itself. Therefore, the parsimony-parameter model is considered a significant match for determining psychometric soundness which lends credence to measurement quality. Keywords: Accuracy; Model; Parsimony-Parameter; Precision; Psychometrics.
INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SELF-ESTEEM ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF POLICE OFFICERS IN IBADAN
This study examined the psychological wellbeing of police officers in Ibadan, with a specific focus on the predictive roles of emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Adopting a correlational survey research design, the study explored both the independent and combined contributions of these psychological constructs to officers’ wellbeing. Data were collected through standardized instruments and analysed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and multiple regression analysis, with the level of significance set at 0.05. Findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between self-esteem and psychological wellbeing (r = .218, p < .05), whereas emotional intelligence demonstrated a weak but statistically non-significant association with psychological wellbeing (r = .018, p > .05). Nonetheless, the combined effect of emotional intelligence and self-esteem significantly predicted psychological wellbeing, jointly accounting for 6.4% of the variance (R = .252, R² = .064, Adjusted R² = .055; F(2, 92) = 7.267, p < .05). These results highlight the critical role of self-esteem as a determinant of police officers’ psychological wellbeing, while suggesting that emotional intelligence remains a contributing but less potent factor in this context. The study recommends the development and implementation of structured interventions aimed at strengthening self-esteem and emotional intelligence, as part of broader mental health and wellbeing initiatives for police personnel. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Self-esteem, Psychological wellbeing
INFLUENCE OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN GTBANKS, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated influence of workforce diversity on Organizational Sustainability in GT banks, Lagos state. Essentially, Organizational sustainability has been identified as essential ingredient that drives organizational continuity, effective performance and organizational survival. However, in this study efforts were made to investigate the following: Influence of gender diversity on organizational sustainability in Lagos state: Influence of the religious diversity on organizational sustainability in Lagos state: Influence of age diversity on organizational sustainability in Lagos state: Influence of group diversity on organizational sustainability in Lagos state. Base on this, 4 hypothesis were generated and tested using T- test and one way analysis or variance. Questionnaire format was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by T-test for independence measures and 1-way analysis of variance. The findings revealed that gender diversity had no significant influence on organizational sustainability in GT banks in Lagos state [t (148) = 1.13, p >.05]. Also the findings showed that religious diversity had significant influence on organizational sustainability in GT banks in Lagos state. [F (2.147) = 4.240, P< 05]. Further, the findings revealed that ethnic diversity had no significant influence on organizational sustainability in GT bank in Lagos state [F (2.147) = 683, P> 05]. Also this stated that the age group diversity as no significant influence on organizational sustainability in GT banks in Lagos state [F (5,144) = 3.778, P< 05]. Therefore, it is concluded that work diversity in terms of gender ethnic diversity had no significant influence on organizational sustainability in GT banks in Lagos state. However religious and age-group diversity had significant influence on organizational sustainability in GT Banks in Lagos State.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCING RELAPSE AVOIDANCE AMONG DRUG-DEPENDENT ADOLESCENTS IN A FEDERAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL, NIGERIA
Many young adolescents after some times take into drug which has become worrisome especially in a global south like Nigeria. Many factors have been investigated on relapse avoidance but the role of demographic factors have been given less attention to in the extant literature. This present study examined the influence of family type, accessibility to illicit drugs, and parent socio-economic background) on relapse avoidance among drug dependent adolescents in a selected neuropsychiatric hospital in Yaba, Lagos State. Using an ex-post facto research design and adopting cross-sectional method, a sample size of 344 respondents (Meanage = 17.25years; SD = 1.34) was randomly selected. They completed a measure of demographic factors and relapse avoidance. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the IBM-SPSS Version 27. The study found that drug dependent adolescents who are from the monogamous family reported higher on relapse avoidance ability. Th result also revealed that drug dependent adolescents who are highly accessible to illicit drug reported higher on relapse avoidance ability. The result of the study also found that drug dependent adolescents from the average parent socioeconomic status reported higher on relapse avoidance ability. The study concluded that family type, parental socioeconomic status and accessibility to drug needs to be seriously considered when implementing interventions as this in a way will help build relapse avoidance ability among drug dependent adolescents. Keywords: Relapse avoidance ability, family type, accessibility to drugs, parental socioeconomic status, drug dependent adolescents
FROM LAUGHTER TO LIGHTNESS: MEMES AS A DIGITAL COPING MECHANISM
This study, conducted in rural fishing communities in Cape Coast, Ghana, and grounded in the Relief Theory, explores how ‘’memes’’, short, humorous digital artefacts, function as informal coping mechanisms among rural dwellers. Through eleven focus group discussions (n = 44), the study identifies patterns in meme engagement, content types, and underlying motivations. Thematic analysis revealed that meme viewing and sharing are daily rituals embedded in the rhythms of rural life, and persists despite economic constraints. Participants described memes as tools that “lighten the heart,” providing temporary relief from stress and creating moments of shared laughter and social connection. Locally grounded forms, featuring Ghanaian comedians, Pidgin expressions, and culturally resonant humor, were especially popular, reflecting how memes translate lived struggles into collective amusement. Beyond individual catharsis, memes also serve as subtle forms of social commentary, allowing participants to voice frustrations about political, economic, and social issues through humor. The findings extend Relief Theory by showing that laughter functions not only as emotional release but also as communal resilience in digitally connected, resource-limited settings. By framing memes as digital coping devices, this study challenges the trivialization of online humor and underscores its psychosocial significance. Implications are offered for mental health advocacy, social welfare, and policy design, suggesting that culturally embedded humor can be a powerful, low-cost tool for strengthening well-being in rural communities.
EMPTY NEST SYNDROME AND LIFE EXPERIENCES OF OLDER ADULTS WITH MULTIMORBIDITY IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, OYO STATE.
Empty Nest Syndrome (ENS) refers to the psychological distress, loneliness, and loss of purpose parents experience when their children leave home. With increasing urbanization and migration in Nigeria, older adults are increasingly living alone, often facing emotional and physical challenges. This study examined the prevalence and social implications of ENS among older adults with multimorbidity in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 200 older adults aged 60 years and above living independently with chronic conditions participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, validated and with reliability coefficient of 0.8 Cronbach Alpha. Data were analysed with descriptive and chi-square statistics at a 5% significance level. Findings revealed that 92% of respondents lived without their children, with most having been alone for over five years. About 44% reported depression, anxiety, or sadness, and over half experienced reduced social interaction and worsened physical health due to loneliness. Significant relationships were found between ENS prevalence, social disconnection, and coping mechanisms. Common coping strategies included watching television, engaging in religious activities, and maintaining social interaction through neighbours and friends. The study concludes that ENS substantially affects the emotional and physical wellbeing of older adults with multimorbidity. It recommends community-based eldercare programmes, family-centered social policies, and faith-based support initiatives to reduce isolation and enhance social inclusion for Nigeria’s ageing population. Keywords: Empty Nest Syndrome, Older Adults, Multimorbidity, Social Isolation, Coping Mechanisms, Emotional Wellbeing, Ibadan.
PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL WORKERS ON MONO-PARENTING AND CHILDREN’S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
The adolescents’ inner turmoil and mental health disturbance from the turbulence of mono-parenting is alarming hence, this study investigated mono-parenting and children’s psychological well-being using social workers as respondents. Multi stage sampling techniques was used to select 211 respondents from Ogun State Ministry of Women’s Affairs and Social Development using a well-structured questionnaire to elicit information from the respondents’. Data collected were analysed using a descriptive statistical tool (frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistical tools (Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Chi-square (X2) at p≤0.05. The findings from the research work revealed that mono-parenting can occur as a result of divorce =3.22), marital separation ( =3.00), death of a spouse (mean=2.93) and domestic abuse (mean=2.88). It is perceived that mono-parenting children often hate themselves (mean=3.53) and for coping strategies, they turn to work or other activities (mean=3.47), learn to live with their problems (mean =3.37), concentrate their efforts on doing something about their situation (mean=3.23), think about the next steps to take (mean=3.22) and come up with strategies on what to do (mean=3.13) etc. There is significant association between the sex (X2 =15.30, P=0.000), age (X2 = -0.187, P=0.007), religion (X2 =8.72, P=0.013) and children’s psychological well-being. In addition, significant relationship existed between the respondents’ perception of mono-parenting and children’s psychological well-being (r-value=0.500, p-value=0.001). The study concludes that mono-parenting greatly affect children’s psychological well-being in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that parents should ensure their marriages stay intact to enhance their children’s psychological well-being. Key words: Mono-parenting, children, psychological, well-being
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENTS
The academic performance of students is shaped by various psychological factors. This study examined the extent to which substance abuse and social support predict academic performance among distance learning center (DLC) students, University of Ibadan. Understanding these psychological influences is essential for promoting conducive environments that support the academic performance. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from a sample of 380 DLC students University of Ibadan, Oyo State. Standardized psychological scales were used to measure substance abuse, social support and academic performance. Multiple regression analysis, linear regression analysis and independent sample t-test were conducted to examine the predictive relationships between these variables. Findings revealed that social support was a strong positive predictor of academic performance (β = 0.28, p < .01), indicating that individuals with strong social support reported a greater academic performance. Substance abuse was a predictor (β = 0.12, p = .21). it was further revealed that there was no significant gender difference on academic performance among DLC students. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in enhancing the academic performance of DLC students. The study suggests the need for an enlightenment campaign on the danger of substance abuse among students. It was also recommended that it is recommended that more emphasis be placed on effective social interactions to enhance academic performance among students’ Future research should explore additional social and environmental factors that may influence academic performance. KEYWORDS: psychological factors, academic performance, substance abuse, social support, students, DLC.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND GAMBLING IDEATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.
The expansion of online gambling platforms in Nigeria has heightened public health concerns, particularly for university students susceptible to risk-taking behaviors due to developmental factors. This study investigated the association between personality traits—impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and neuroticism—and gambling ideation among 11,631 undergraduates across six universities in Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected using the Big Five Inventory and Gambling Urge Scale. Analysis involved regression, structural equation modeling, and multivariate techniques. Contrary to expectations, impulsivity (r = -0.099, p < .001), sensation-seeking (B = -0.208, p < .001), and neuroticism (B = -0.071, p < .001) demonstrated weak negative correlations with gambling ideation, potentially reflecting cultural influences or limitations in measurement tools. These findings suggest that personality traits may not be strong predictors of gambling ideation in this population, underscoring the need for culturally adapted psychological assessments. Longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal pathways and examine additional contextual factors. The results advocate for targeted educational interventions and regulatory measures to mitigate gambling exposure among university students. Keywords: Personality Characteristics, Gambling Ideation, Undergraduates, Southwest Nigeria.
EXAMINATION RELATED FACTORS AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS AMONGUNDERGRADUATES IN UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR: IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS
This study sought to examine some examination related factors as correlates of aggressive behaviors among undergraduates in University of Calabar. Three research objectives gave rise to three hypotheses that were used in the study. A correlational research design utilizing questionnaire termed "Examination-Related Factors and Aggressive Behaviors Questionnaire (ERFATQ)" adopting the modified Likert 4-point rating scales was used to collect data from 750 undergraduate 300 level students drawn from three faculties using simple and stratified sampling techniques. The Cronbach Alpha method was used to establish the reliability, which yielded coefficients ranging from 0.71 to 0.79. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis (PPMC), tested at .05 level of significance. The analyses revealed that students who experienced poorly organized, stressful examination conditions as well as harsh or intimidating behaviour from invigilators were more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors, including physical, verbal, and relational aggression. It was recommended amongst all that standards be raised by the university management in the areas of coordination of examinations in order to reduce aggressive behaviors in students. Keywords: Examination related factors, aggressive behaviors, undergraduates’, psychological intervention
LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN AFRICA
Over the years, studies on International Humanitarian Law, also known as the Law of Armed Conflict, have been grounded in the discursive interrogation of the analytical relationship between the Law of Armed Conflict and State Actors, with a facile appraisal given to the nexus between the Law of Armed Conflict and Non-State Actors, specifically in Africa. Hence, this paper seeks to analyse the relationship between the Law of Armed Conflict and Non-state Actors in Africa. Considering the legal framework beyond the Geneva Convention, the paper examines the position of erga omnes and the Geneva Convention Common Article 3 in understanding the intersection of IHL and non-state actors in Africa. The paper establishes a typology for categorising Non-state Actors within International Law. This typology is adopted to avoid Fallacia Vaguitatis, as Non-State Actors can be quite vague if used carelessly. Furthermore, it is expected that the typology will help inform the reader on how non-state actors are understood in International Legal Scholarship. Beyond theoretical discussion, the paper includes empirical evidence through case studies to effectively analyze the dialectical relationship among the variables involved. The use of case study analysis offers a robust examination of the challenges and the international and domestic responses. The paper is ultimately not only analytical but also critical, providing recommendations on Quid faciendum est to strengthen the pillars of the Law of Armed Conflict in Africa. Keywords: International Humanitarian Law, Non-state Actors, Law of Armed Conflict, Africa.
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR EFFICIENT TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
The study examines public private partnerships for efficient transport governance in Nigeria. The objectives were to: evaluate the impact of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) on Transport Infrastructure Development in Nigeria; identify best practices and challenges in implementing PPPs in the Nigerian transport sector and analyze stakeholder perspectives on the role of PPPs in enhancing transport governance in Nigeria. The study adopted the Taro Yamane formula to determine the sample size of 392 out of a population of 3,206. The response rate was 96.62%, resulting in an accepting sample of 367. The study used survey design, which involved questionnaire and structured interview for the collection of primary data from respondents selected using convenient and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was coded and analyzed using the 4-point Likert Scale. The study finds that the implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) has significantly improved the quality of transport infrastructure in Nigeria and has led to more efficient resource allocation for transport infrastructure projects in Nigeria. Thus, collaboration between public and private sectors through PPPs has enhanced the maintenance and sustainability of transport infrastructure in Nigeria. However, the challenges and limitations of PPPs in transport infrastructure in Nigeria, which centre on risk allocation, financial feasibility and regulatory framework led to the recommendations that the Nigerian Government should simplify and standardize processes for PPP project development and implementation to reduce delays and attract more private sector investment; Government should encourage the establishment of financial instruments to support long-term investments in transport infrastructure; Government should ensure transparency in project selection, execution, and monitoring to build trust with private sector partners and stakeholders and Government should strengthen the regulatory framework that governs PPPs in Nigeria’s transport sector. Keywords: Transport Infrastructure, Regulatory framework, Public-Private Partnerships, Transport governance, Investment
DYNAMICS OF CHILD-TO-CHILD BULLYING AND FAMILY STRUCTURE IN SELECTED NEIGHBOURHOODS OF IBADAN, NIGERIA
Child-to-Child bullying poses a threat to the wellbeing of children and adolescents. The dynamics of bullying among children has received limited attention in Nigerian literature space. Hence, this study examined child-to-child bullying and family structure in selected neighbourhoods in Ibadan Nigeria. The research design was a cross-sectional, with mixed-methods approach. The research sample comprised children aged 8 to 17 years, their parents, community leaders, and religious figures, in selected neighbourhoods. More than half (58%) of respondents were female, (24.3%) enrolled in secondary school, and of Yoruba ethnicity. More males (53.2%) reported bullying than females (43.5%). Verbal bullying was reported as the most common (57.4%). More than half (50.2%) of participants reported family conflict. There was a correlation between the components of family dynamics (such as family characteristics and conflict) and bullying behaviours. (x= 26.91, p<0.01). Interpersonal relationships and family characteristics have a significant influence on bullying behaviours among children in the community. Physical and verbal bullying are critical issues in social relations among the study population, understanding these dynamics is essential for effectively addressing child-to-child bullying. Keywords: Child-to-child bullying, family structure, neighbourhood bullying and mid-adolescence
PREVALENCE AND WAY FORWARD OF GAMBLING ADDICTION AMONG SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS
Gambling addiction is an emerging public health concern in Africa, yet little is known about its prevalence and drivers among students with disabilities, a group often marginalized in behavioral addiction research. This study examined the prevalence, predictors, and lived experiences of gambling among special students at the Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria—the largest concentration of students with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa. A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 250 stratified respondents across disability categories using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Qualitative insights were drawn from focus group discussions and key informant interviews with counsellors, analyzed thematically. Findings revealed a high prevalence of gambling (57.2%), with significant gender disparities: 234 males versus 16 females reported gambling. Hearing-impaired students demonstrated the highest participation (70.4%). Regression analysis identified hearing impairment and low household income as significant predictors of problem gambling. Thematic analysis further revealed peer influence, economic hardship, technological accessibility, and coping with stigma as central drivers, while masculine norms and institutional neglect amplified vulnerability. Integration of results confirmed that gambling in this context is both a coping mechanism and a peer-bonding practice. The study extends theoretical models of gambling addiction by highlighting a hybrid pathway combining emotional vulnerability and sociocultural conditioning. It concludes that gambling among special students is a neglected but pressing challenge in Nigeria’s higher education sector and calls for disability-inclusive, peer-led interventions and regulatory reforms to mitigate harms. Keywords: gambling addiction, special needs students, disability, mixed-methods research
PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG YOUTH IN KEFFI,NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA
This study investigated the psychosocial correlates of substance abuse among youths in Keffi Local Government area of Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The participants were a total of 204. With an average age of twenty-six (26) years were drawn .However, the selected sample comprised of 160 Christians and 44 Muslims students from both senior secondary school SS1 to SS3 and university students from 100 to 400 levels. Furthermore, in terms of gender, the study is comprised of one hundred and thirty-nine (139) males and sixty-five (65) females. A self-report questionnaire was employed to assess the relationship between substance abuse and two factors, namely: self-esteem and religiosity. The results of the regression model summary revealed that there was no relationship between religiosity and substance abuse. The major findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and substance abuse among youth. These findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature and it was recommended that stakeholders create awareness and interventions on these psychosocial factors that increase susceptibility to substance abuse among Keffi youths to stop the menace. Keyword: substance abuse, self-esteem , Youth, religiosity, Keffi
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSURGENCY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST GEO-POLITICAL ZONE, NIGERIA
The study investigated the relationship between insurgency and academic achievement of public senior secondary school students in North East Geo-political Zone, Nigeria. Correlation research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 173,567 SS2 students and a sample size of 540 students were used for this study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to compose the sample. Two research questions were answered while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Three instruments were used to collect data. Questionnaire on Insurgency (QOI), Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), and English Language Achievement Test (ELAT). The instruments yielded validity indices of 0.86 for questionnaire on insurgency (QOI), 0.83 for Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), and 0.82 for English Language Achievement Test (ELAT) with reliability Coefficients of 0.77, 0.74 and 0.78 respectively. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to answer the research questions and also tested the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that a significant negative relationship between insurgency and academic achievement of public senior secondary schools in North East Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria. It also showed a significant negative relationship between banditry and academic achievement of public senior secondary school students in North East Geo-political Zone, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Government and Stakeholders should implement robust security measures and collaborate with local and national authorities to combat the effect of insurgency in the North East Geo-political Zone. The study concluded that Boko Haram and banditry activities greatly relate with students’ academic achievement. Key Words: Insurgency, Academic Achievement, Students, Environment, Psychological Trauma
ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION POLICIES ON PRIVATIZATION OF POWER SECTOR IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT), ABUJA
This study explores the extent to which how various interventions policies have supported the privatization of Nigeria’s power sector in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), focusing on investment, infrastructure, and operational efficiency. The specific objectives of the study are to analyze pre- and post-privatization conditions of the power sector in relation to power supply in the Federal Capital Territory and assess the effectiveness of government in terms of improvement in power supply reliability, electricity availability and consumer satisfaction in supporting privatization for improved power supply. This study employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing questionnaires, in-depth interviews (IDIs), and secondary data obtained from key policy documents of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, including the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (2005), the National Electric Power Policy (NEPP), and the National Energy Policy, among others. The study revealed that the implementation of the intervention policies has fallen short of achieving the privatization objectives in the FCT’s power sector, primarily due to incomplete execution of the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, which aimed to unbundle the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) into distinct generation, transmission, and distribution companies. The paper concludes that despite well-intentioned government policies like the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (2005), weak implementation and regulatory inefficiencies have hindered the privatization of Nigeria’s power sector in the FCT, highlighting the need for stronger institutional capacity and policy consistency to achieve lasting reform outcomes. Keywords: Privatization, Reform, Government Intervention Policies, Power Sector in FCT, Nigeria
WORKPLACE DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR IN NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS: ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, LEADERSHIP STYLES AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AS PREDICTORS
Workplace deviant behavior (WPB) remains a significant challenge in Nigerian organizations, negatively impacting productivity, employee well-being, and overall organizational effectiveness. Acts of workplace deviance, such as theft, sabotage, absenteeism, and insubordination, disrupt organizational harmony and hinder operational efficiency. This study examined the influence of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional), leadership styles (transformational, autocratic, and laissez-faire), and demographic factors (gender, marital status, family type, religion, and educational qualification) on workplace deviant behavior (WPB) in selected Nigerian organizations. A total of 310 employees participated in the study, comprising 160 males (51.6%), 147 females (47.4%), and 3 respondents (1.0%) who did not indicate their gender. Standardized instruments were used to assess leadership styles, organizational justice, and WPB. Findings from multiple regression analysis showed that organizational justice significantly predicted WPB, accounting for 13.7% of the variance (R² = .137, p < .001). Distributive, procedural, and interactional justice independently influenced WPB, with interactional justice showing the strongest effect (β = -.228, p < .05). Leadership styles also significantly predicted WPB, accounting for 37.1% of the variance (R² = .371, p < .001). Transformational leadership negatively predicted WPB (β = -.377, p < .001), while laissez-faire leadership had a positive effect (β = .456, p < .001). Autocratic leadership did not significantly influence WPB (p > .05). However, univariate analysis of variance revealed that demographic factors did not have a significant independent or joint effect on WPB. These findings highlight the critical role of organizational justice and leadership styles in shaping workplace behaviors. Organizations should promote fair treatment and adopt effective leadership approaches to mitigate deviant behaviors. Keywords: Workplace deviant behavior, organizational justice, leadership styles, demographic factors, Nigerian organizations
THE DEPLOYMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT), POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND NIGERIA’S ELECTIONS, 2015-2023
The paper delved into political participation, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and elections in Nigeria. Anchored on Digital Democracy Theory (DDT) or E-Democracy as its theoretical framework, the paper made use of secondary sources of data such as textbooks, scholarly journals, newspapers, internet resources, Yiaga African Reports, government publications, etc., as the method of data collection. Data extracted from these sources were content analysed. The paper was therefore designed to examine whether the introduction of ICT has improved the citizens’ participation in elections and to know the implications of citizens’ participation through ICT on democratic stability in Nigeria. The deployment of ICTs in elections has not improved the citizens’ participation because it indicates a downward trend in voter turnout. It portends danger or negative implications to democratic stability. These dangers include democratic ill health, erode legitimacy, weaken democratic institutions, increase the influence of a special group and undermine the substance of representative democracy. The paper concluded that the deployment of ICTs in the conduct of elections have not significantly enhanced voter turnout, thus having debilitating implications on democratic stability in Nigeria. It is recommended that the government should build trust in elections and make citizens’ votes count in order to restore public’s trust in Nigeria’s democracy. Keywords: Elections, Information and Communication Technology, Political Participation, Democracy, Voter Turnout
“ONCE THERE IS LIFE, THERE’S HOPE”: COPING AND COMFORTING STRATEGIES IN SELECTED YORUBA PROVERBS
Yoruba proverbs are characterized by expressions aimed at praising, rebuking, encouraging and assuring. Extant studies on Yoruba proverbs have studied themes, literary devices, and psychological constructs, religious and cultural nuances, with a paucity of studies on how Yoruba proverbs can serve as comforting tools for people in bad situations. Therefore, this study was designed to identify and discuss self-comforting strategies in selected Yoruba proverbs, with the view to identifying the discourse issues in the proverbs, as well as the discursive strategies used to project comfort in the proverbs and their functions. Relevance Theory, complemented by Obohwemu’s Self-Comforting and Coping Theory were employed as the theoretical leaning for the study. Thirty proverbs were gathered and eighteen purposively selected owing to their possession of the themes of self-comfort and resilience. The findings of the study revealed four discourse issues of fate acceptance, resilience and fortitude, human vulnerability, and life lessons which index five comforting and coping strategies of emotional reframing, cognitive distraction, self-encouragement, mindful anticipation, and goal adjustment. The study concludes that Yoruba proverbs are handy instruments for psychological support, balancing and therapy in distressing circumstances. KEYWORDS: Yoruba proverbs, Relevance Theory, Self-comforting and coping scale