AFRICAN JOURNAL FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOCIAL ISSUES

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL PUSH/PULL AS SUSTAINING FACTORS INTO YOUTH GANG VIOLENCE IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

Folorunsho Muyideen OGUNMEFUN — 2024-05-13

The reoccurrence decimal of violent activities among the youth is a global concern because of the negating contributive indexes associated with the menace. The ever-increasing nature of youth involvement in violent activities had contributed to fear and tension among mankind which has negate effect in socioeconomic and political development. Extant literature was adopted to shed insight to submissions of scholars with the use of ecological theory by Shaw and Mckay. Mixed method was adopted while 347 of the sample size for the quantitative data were selected among inmates in Ikoyi and Kirikiri correctional facilities using Taro Yemane sample size formula 36 qualitative data were collected from gang members, correctional warders, community elders, police officers and vigilantes using key informant and in-depth interviews in Lagos. The study concluded that ecological characteristics (B=0.094; t=4.010; P<0.05) and community policing practice (B = 0.006; t =0.216; P > 0.05). play significant role influencing youths’ involvement in gang violent activities while sociodemographic characteristics (B=1.100; t=62.027; P<0.05) does not influence youth gang violent activities. The composite contribution of the independent variables predicts gang violence at 0.05% of the total variance as the predictors of gang violence (R=0.973, r-square =0.947, Adjusted R square =0.947; F3.348=2044.697. The youth should engage in creativity rather wasting time on joining negating activities, family social network bonding system should be encouraged to ensure and restore societal value, the governmental agents and nongovernmental organizations should encourage development of entrepreneurship programmes to bring out hidden potential of the youths

Keywords- Sociodemographic, Ecological, Community Policing practice, youth gang violence

TREATMENT OF THE TROPE OF DEPRESSION IN JASMINE WARGA’S MY HEART AND OTHER BLACK HOLES

Babatunde ADEBUA — 2024-05-13

Depression narratives have been on the ascendancy in literary writing. This is due to the alarming rate of depression, particularly among teens on a global level. There appears to be a paucity of literature focusing specifically on teen depression. Most studies dwelt on depression as a general malady among people of all ages and sexes. Like some other writers of her ilk, Jasmine Warga undertakes an exploration of depression in her teen novel; My Heart and Other Black Holes, emphasizing the detrimental impact of negative thinking on the protagonist and her counterpart. This paper examines the novel by applying the Cognitive Theory of Depression of Aaron Beck, which suggests that prolonged negative thinking can lead to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. This study sheds light on the role of negative thoughts as a significant catalyst for depression in teens, coupled with social and environmental factors. It also investigates the influence of parental involvement in the lives of depressed teenagers and how the healing journey is portrayed by the author. The paper discovers that communication within families is central to the well-being of depressed teens in the novel, particularly between mothers and their children. Through effective communication, children can develop trust, a stronger sense of self-worth and appreciation for life, reducing the likelihood of succumbing to despair. The paper concludes that there is potential for tragedy that arises from a lack of communication and understanding within families, underscoring the importance of fostering open dialogue and empathy to prevent depression as an outcome.

Keywords: Cognitive theory, Environmental factors, Family communication, Literary portrayal, Teen, Depression

EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION, SUBJECTIVE HAPPINESS AND ACHIEVEMENT STRIVING AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.

Ruth Ayegwualo ASEKOMHE — 2024-05-13

The pursuit of academic success is a paramount goal for undergraduate students and has gained increasing attention due to the challenging academic and socio-emotional demands students face during their university studies. Emotional exhaustion and subjective happiness are recognised as influential factors in undergraduate student well-being and academic performance. Therefore, this study assessed the influence of emotional exhaustion and subjective happiness on achievement striving among undergraduates in public universities in Lagos State.

The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and used stratified and random sampling techniques to select the 370 participants of this study. Three validated scales were used for data collection, which was pilot tested through test-re-test. The scales: Subjective Happiness Scale, Students’ Emotional Exhaustion Scale, and Achievement striving scale demonstrated good internal consistency reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .810, .690 and .701 respectively. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis fixed at the 0.05 level of significance.

The findings revealed no significant combined contribution of emotional exhaustion and subjective happiness on undergraduates' achievement striving (R = .106; R² = .011; Adj R²= .005; F _(2,338) = 1.930; P = .147 > .05). There was a non-significant relative contribution of subjective happiness (? = .103, t = 1.900, p > .05) and emotional exhaustion (? = -.025, t = .456, p > .05) to achievement striving. Also, no significant bivariate relationships exist between achievement striving and emotional exhaustion (r = -.027, p > .05) as well as subjective happiness (r = .103, p > .05).The study concluded that emotional exhaustion and subjective happiness did not predict undergraduates' achievement striving. Therefore, there is compelling evidence from the outcome of this study to suggest that self-belief in one's abilities and personal achievement-seeking are beneficial for academic success. This research indicates once more how promising it is to put validated intervention into practice with the goal of improving students' domain-specific ability-beliefs in the classroom.

Keywords: Achievement striving, emotional exhaustion, subjective happiness, undergraduates, university

THE ROLE OF ESTATE SURVEYORS AND VALUERS IN LIFESTYLE AUDIT IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION

Adebola O ADEYEMO — 2024-05-16

Corruption is a major problem faced by countries globally, and it is common among political and public office holders in Nigeria. In fighting this menace, asset declaration in lifestyle audit has been globally accepted as accountability tools in public service. Although, the role of estate surveyors and valuers in asset declaration is becoming prominent in recent times, there are still challenges to overcome. This exploratory study examines the concept of asset declaration within lifestyle audits and its application in Nigeria. It brings to focus the notable non-involvement of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in this process, highlighting the consequential impact on governance, transparency and accountability. Findings reveal loopholes and the ineffectiveness of the current process being adopted by relevant government agencies. The study recommends the adoption of “Asset Declaration and Valuation” (ADV) as a statutory valuation being a viable strategy for winning the anti-corruption war in the Nigerian public sector.

Keywords: Asset declaration, Asset valuation, Corruption, Estate Surveyors and Valuers, Lifestyle audit.

BRAND TRUST AND PERCEIVED VALUE ON BRAND LOYALTY AMONG SACHET WATER CONSUMERS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Josephine Kwaghaondo ADOGO — 2024-05-31

The cross-sectional survey design was used to examine the influence of brand trust and perceived value on brand loyalty among sachet water consumers in Makurdi metropolis. The cluster sampling technique was used among 390 sachet water consumers in Makurdi metropolis. The Brand Trust Scale developed by Delgado-Ballester (2011), Customer Perceived Value Scale developed by Sweeney and Soutar (2001), and the Brand Loyalty Scale developed by Bobalca, Gatej and Ciobanu (2012) were used for data collection. The multiple linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. Hypothesis one revealed that, brand trust significant influenced brand loyalty among sachet water consumers in Makurdi Metropolis [R = .962, R² = 925, F (2, 387) = 238.56, P<.05]. Hypothesis two revealed that, perceived value (quality, emotional, price and social value) significantly influenced brand loyalty among sachet water consumers in Makurdi Metropolis [R = 986, R² = 873, F (2, 385), P <.05] and Hypothesis three when tested showed that brand trust and perceived value significantly and jointly influenced brand loyalty among sachet water consumers in Makurdi Metropolis [R = .969, R² = .938, F (2, 387) = 2952.093, P<.05]. In conclusion, both brand trust and perceived value significantly influenced brand loyalty among sachet water consumers in Makurdi Metropolis. It was recommended thus, Manufacturers should focus on quality assurance, ensuring consistent quality in sachet water production to build and maintain brand trust. Individuals themselves should learn to provide feedback to manufacturers and authorities regarding product quality and safety concerns, this which can help them improve quality and service delivery. Also, they should advocate for the promotion of trustworthy and high-value sachet water brands within the community to support local businesses and ensure consumer satisfaction.

Keywords: Brand Trust, Perceived Value, Brand Loyalty, Sachet Water, Consumers

BREAKING BARRIERS: EXPLORING FACTORS SHAPING ACCESS TO BUSINESS START-UP CAPITAL AMONG FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Samuel Ayodeji OMOLAWAL — 2024-05-13

The study investigated the factors that hinder female entrepreneurs' access to startup capital in Lagos State, Nigeria. The research used a hybrid method design, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The study focused on female entrepreneurs in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises based in Lagos State who started their businesses less than five years ago. The sample size of 422 female entrepreneurs was determined through Cochran’s 1977 sample size determination formular and selected using multi-stage sampling techniques to administer copies of the study questionnaire; and six entrepreneurial association executives were purposively selected for the Key Informant Interviews. The quantitative data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0, while the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive methods. The study found that the acknowledged common sources of startup capital were family and friends, personal savings and cooperative societies, while lack of awareness of available sources of startup capital, non-membership of clubs and associations and limited access to collateral security were the major factors that hindered female entrepreneurs' access to startup capital. The study recommends implementing policies and programmes that augment female entrepreneurs' access to finance, such as providing business training programmes and increasing access to microfinance institutions. These policies and programmes would help to address the identified challenges and create a more conducive environment for female entrepreneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Keywords: Startup Capital, Female Entrepreneurs, Medium-sized Enterprises, Collateral Security

EXPLORING LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT IN MARRIAGE: QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF YOUNG WIDOWS’ LIVED EXPERIENCES IN CAPE COAST, GHANA

Rita Holm ADZOVIE — 2024-05-13

The death of a spouse is a painful life experience. It comes with many challenges and adjustments in the life of the surviving spouse. This painful experience may be more difficult for younger spouses. This research explores the lived experiences of young widows in Ghana by throwing more light on the challenges young widows face as well as the coping strategies they adopt. A qualitative study using a phenomenological research design was adopted to appreciate the lived experiences of spousal bereavement from the perspective of young Christian Ghanaian widows. Through the multistage sampling procedure, a total of 23 young widows were recruited and interviewed for the study. Data were analysed thematically with predetermined themes as well as inductively-generated sub-themes and critically discussed and compared with existing literature. The findings from the interviews revealed that the death of spouses present traumatising experiences for widows and breaking the news to their children was really devastating. The study further revealed that young widows encounter physical, financial, social and emotional challenges. In dealing with some of the challenges, young widows relied on investments they had made with their husbands and engaging in additional work; support from friends and family; and spiritual support through religious activities. Implications for policy and practice have been discussed.

Keywords: Young widows, marriage, widowhood rites, counselling, Ghana.

EFFECTS OF BULLYING ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MENTAL WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.

Abimbola AFOLABI — 2024-05-16

Bullying is a complex and stressful experience that significantly impacts the psychological and mental well-being of adolescents. While its effects were often overlooked, recent attention from researchers, mental health professionals, social workers, and policymakers has focused on understanding how bullying influences adolescent mental health. This study used a descriptive survey design with a correlation approach to examine the impact of bullying on the psychological and mental well-being of adolescents. A sample of 280 students from four secondary schools in Ibadan Metropolis (two public, two private) was selected using simple random sampling. Data collection utilized a mix of standardized and self-developed instruments, focusing on bullying experiences and both short- and long-term psychological effects. Statistical analysis, including frequency counts and percentages for demographic data, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) for testing hypotheses at a 0.05 alpha level, was employed. The study revealed that all six short-term psychological variables—anxiety and fear (r = .114), anger and rage (r = .377), humiliation and shame (r = .308), sadness and loneliness (r = .499), self-harm/harm to others (r = .159), and school avoidance/absenteeism (r = .184)—showed significant correlations with bullying. Long-term effects such as erosion of self-esteem and confidence (r = .368), post-traumatic stress disorder (r = .716), anxiety and depression (r = .278), self-destruction (r = .420), schizophrenia (r = .270), substance abuse (r = .255), and agoraphobia (r = .299) also had significant relationships with bullying among victims in these schools. The findings indicate a significant correlation between bullying and the mental well-being of adolescents, with r(298) = .372, p < 0.05. Additionally, psychological effects (r = .290, p < 0.05) were significantly related to mental well-being. The study concludes that bullying has both short-term and long-term adverse effects on the psychological and mental well-being of adolescents in selected secondary schools in Ibadan. It suggests that parents, teachers, school administrators, counselors, and social workers should be vigilant in identifying these effects to mitigate their impact on the mental health of adolescents.

Key Words: Adolescents, Bullying, Psychological, Mental Wellbeing

PROXIMITY IMPACT OF AIRPORT LOCATION ON RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE PROPERTIES IN ADJOINING LAND

Olufunto Adedotun KANYIO — 2024-05-23

This study analysed the proximity impact of airport location on residential real estate properties on adjoining land. The specific objectives examined the proximity impact of airport location on residential property rental value and analysed the impact of airport location on residential property sales value. The study adopted a survey research design that analyses the perceptions of the respondents on the impact of the airport location on the real estate properties of the surrounding communities (adjoining lands). Primary data were deployed to achieve descriptive and inferential statistics and a direct observation in the administration of questionnaires at the villages and communities located within a three-kilometre radius of the airport. The result shows the original use of properties in Ajao-Estate, Mafoluku, and Ewutuntun. The respondents agreed with the largest percentages of 81%, 78%, and 77% that the original use of the properties was for residential purposes. 11% of respondents in Ajao-Estate indicated that the original purpose was commercial, while in Mafoluku and Ewutuntun, 7% and 4% indicated that it was for commercial purposes. Also, the result shows the correlation coefficients (r) of locations A, B, and C, which are 0.850, 0.744, and 0.879, and the coefficients of multiple determinants (r2), which are 0.722, 0.554, and 0.772. It was concluded that airports are real estate developers and strategic partners for cities. Airports have the potential to bring in commercial developments that are non-aeronautically related. It was recommended that infrastructural investment boost residential property sales values.

Keywords: Airport location, residential, real estate property, sales value, rental price

MEDIATING EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN THE IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN NIGERIA

Edamisan Stephen IKUEMONISAN — 2024-05-13

This study aimed to investigate the relationships among food insecurity, mental stress, and academic performance among Nigerian university students. The Slovin formula was used to determine the sample size of 399 undergraduate students from a population of 6,600,000 Nigerian undergraduates. A multistage sampling approach was employed to select the sample, ensuring representation from all categories of Nigerian universities across all geopolitical zones. The average respondent age was 22.8 years, with a notable majority (58%) being male and 81% living off campus due to limited on-campus accommodation. Moreover, close to 34% of respondents were within 2.50-3.49 CGPA. Close to 60% of the students were food insecure (males: 51% & females: 49%), and approximately 40% (males: 56% & females: 44%) were food secure. Financial strain, longer commutes, and unhealthy habits were also prevalent, impacting academic performance. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between socioeconomic characteristics and food security status, with food insecurity negatively affecting academic outcomes. Addressing food insecurity, mental stress, and socioeconomic factors is crucial for enhancing academic performance. Policymakers and educators should develop targeted interventions, such as increasing access to affordable and nutritious food, providing mental health support services, and improving on-campus accommodation to foster a conducive environment for academic success and overall student welfare.

Keywords: Food insecurity, Mental stress, Academic performance, Nigerian university students, Socioeconomic characteristics, Logistical barriers

JEL Codes: I12, I21, I23, I24, I25, J10

INFLUENCE OF PEER PRESSURE AND CIGARETTES USE ON MENTAL HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Augustine Bala NALAH — 2024-05-13

This study investigated the influence of peer pressure and cigarettes use on mental health of secondary school students in Makurdi. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey design. Participants in the study were three hundred and sixty-eight (368) secondary school students domiciled in Makurdi, who were aged between 12 to 17 years old. The Peer Pressure Scale, Cigarette Use Scale and General Psychological Health Questionnaire were used to test the research hypothesis using multiple linear regression analysis. Result revealed a significant influence of peer pressure and cigarettes use on mental health of secondary school students domiciled in Makurdi [R=.327, R²=.107, F(2,365)=21.860, p<.01]. In the model, cigarettes use made significant negative contribution (? = -.226), while peer pressure made positive (? = .203) contribution on mental health. Based on the result of this study, schools should prioritize health education by increasing awareness on the adverse mental health problems of cigarette smoking among adolescents. Psychotherapeutic services by clinical psychologists on cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and psycho-education should emphasize the significance of positive influence of peer pressure on mental health of secondary schools students.

Keywords: peer pressure, cigarette use, mental health, secondary school students, Makurdi

BIRTH INTERVAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN IN POSTMENOPAUSAL AGE IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

Oluwayomi Abimbola ADELEKE — 2024-05-13

The study examines the interrelationships between birth interval and socioeconomic status of postmenopausal women in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Specifically, two indicators, employment history and social class - were used to measure women's socioeconomic status in relation to birth intervals. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted to elicit information using muti-stage sampling technique. The respondents were selected from two local governments per senatorial district in Ekiti State viz; Ado Ekiti, Efon Alaaye, Ikere, Emure, Oye, and Ilejemeje LGAs, a total of 710 respondents were involved in the study. Univariate and bivariate statistics analyses were conducted on the quantitative data. The chi-square analysis reveals a significant relationships between birth interval and social class and number of years in paid employment among post-menopausal women. The study documents the significant role of birth interval in women’s sociocioeconomic status in the study location. Consequently, the study suggests several recommendations to improve women's socioeconomic status and address birth interval issues. These include enhancing family planning education, offering flexible employment options, and encouraging spousal support for family planning decisions. Overall, the research underscores the importance of birth interval in understanding women's socioeconomic status and highlights potential avenues for policy intervention to support women's empowerment and reproductive health.

Keywords: birth interval, postmenopausal, socioeconomic status, employment history

INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY ON PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY AMONG SELECTED PARTICIPANTS: A PILOT STUDY

Abayomi S. DARAMOLA — 2024-05-16

Problem-solving consists of trying to eliminate the differences that may exist between the situations that one is in and the situation one wants to be in by removing anything that serves as a barrier or abnormality in a given situation. In problem-solving, some strategies are used. They are Trial and Error, Algorithms, Hypothesis testing, and Heuristics. Obstacles that an individual comes across while solving problems are, confirmation bias, mental set, functional fixedness, and self-limitation. Etc. Research findings have established that an individual can improve upon his capability by having self-confidence, getting rid of indecision, procrastination, self-limitation, and fear of failure. Personality may be taken to be an individual's most striking or dominant characteristics. The interest of this study was to know whether personality affects problem-solving ability. In an attempt to know if problem-solving ability is affected by an individual’s personality eight human subjects were given some practical problems to solve. The problems given are the four—card problem, Duncker’s candle problem, Lunchin’s water—jug problem, Speed and accuracy Test, and fact inspection and assembly tests. This result shows that personality type does not have a significant effect on problem-solving ability.

BODY IMAGE PERCEPTION AND COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS AS PREDICTORS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AMONG STUDENTS OF BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI, NIGERIA

Chinelo Helen OGWUCHE — 2024-05-31

This research examined how students’ perception of their body image and cognitive distortions affect their interpersonal communication at Benue State University, Makurdi. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 participants from the same university, selected through a simple random sampling technique. The Interpersonal Communication Scale (ICS), Body-Image Questionnaire (BIQ), and Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) were utilized to gather data. Three hypotheses were tested using linear and multiple regression analysis. The first hypothesis indicated that body image perception did not significantly impact students’ interpersonal communication [f (1,198) = 1.294; p >.081 and R2 =.006)]. The second hypothesis demonstrated that cognitive distortions significantly influenced students’ interpersonal communication [f (1,198) = 14.844; p <.000, R=.264 and R2 =.070)]. The third hypothesis indicated that both body image perception and cognitive distortions collectively affected students’ interpersonal communication [f (2,197) = 8.833; p <.000, R=.287 and R2 =.082)]. Based on these findings, it is recommended that students be encouraged to enhance their verbal and non-verbal skills and be mindful of their body language as both are crucial for effective communication. Additionally, it is suggested that professionals like therapists and coaches, who are adept at helping individuals modify unhelpful thought patterns, should be made accessible in educational institutions, whether secondary or tertiary. If the cost of individual treatment is prohibitive, other resources such as mindfulness apps, cognitive behavioral therapy, mutual support groups, group therapy or coaching (which can be more affordable), student assistance programs through school work, or online communities could be explored.

Keywords: Cognitive distortions, Body image, Interpersonal Communication, Perception

STRATEGIC ROLE OF TRADITIONAL INSTITUTION IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA

Ayuba Maikasuwa DANCE — 2024-05-13

This study examines the strategic roles of traditional institutions in conflict prevention and resolution in Nigeria. The research is aimed to determine the strategic role that predisposes the prevention and resolution of conflict in Nigeria. The study made use of the Role Theory propounded by George Herbert Mead (1931) as the theoretical framework. The study relied on descriptive research design. In-depth interviews were conducted on the Traditional Rulers within the eleven electoral wards across Sanga Local Government Area Council of Kaduna State to investigate the strategic role of Traditional Institution in Conflict Prevention and resolution. The eleven traditional rulers were visited and interviewed to ascertain the strategies engaged in settling conflict and also how to prevent further occurrences. Views were collected from the eleven traditional rulers of the eleven electoral wards and the published and unpublished records of conflicts resolved and the one prevented. The research revealed that traditional institutions in Sanga Local Government Area Council plays significant role in conflict prevention and resolution which ensure peaceful mediation among warring communities. The study also found out that majority believes that there are opportunities and challenges facing the use of traditional institutions in conflict prevention and resolution. These challenges include, political, religious, ethnic and economic. The study thus recommended that a constitutional role be given to the traditional institutions in order to strengthen the multidimensional strategies to tackle conflicts in Nigeria and also recommended is for extensive consultation and giving audience to the victims of the conflicts so as to punish offenders and settle the victims of such offensive act.

Keywords: Tradition, Traditional Ruler, Traditional Institution, Conflict

FARMERS-HERDERS CONFLICTS AND GOVERNMENT’S ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION INITIATIVES IN NIGERIA

Oluwaseyi Victor ADAJA — 2024-05-12

The paper explores the implications of farmers-herder’s conflicts on government economic diversification drives during the regime of President Muhammadu Buhari between 2015 and 2023. Since discovery of oil in Nigeria, the country has continued to rely on revenue from the oil sector while other sectors like agriculture which hitherto to the oil discovery serves as the mainstay of the country economy suffers reckless abandonment. However, with the dwindling of oil revenue in recent years, the country’s economy has been affected. Hence the need to diversify. In order to achieve this, government has devoted a lot of energy and resources to deepening agriculture with various agricultural friendly initiatives and also encourage private individuals to embrace agriculture. However, the gains of investments in the sector have been eroded by the farmers-herders conflicts which has led to the destruction of farm land, loss of lives and destruction of properties worth billions of naira. The resultant effect is the high cost of food prices leading to hunger in the country. There is therefore the need by the government to show genuine commitment towards ending the conflicts. The study suggested that open grazing should be banned by the government, and adopt modern ranching to reduce or eliminate cattle rustling and the destruction of farm land.

Keywords: Economy diversification, Agriculture, Open grazing

INFLUENCE OF INTERNET ADDICTION AND LONELINESS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AMONG NIGERIA POLICE ACADEMY CADETS

Moses Ichongo UKEH — 2024-05-12

Being addicted to internet and feelings of loneliness are rapidly becoming prevalent globally mental health concern. This study investigates the effect of internet addiction (IA) and loneliness on psychological wellbeing (PWB) among cadets of Nigeria Police Academy, through an ex post facto survey. A total of 161 cadets (108 males and 53 females) with mean age of 21 years completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale, and Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale. Three hypotheses were tested using a two way ANOVA (IBM SPSS 26) analysis. Results show there was no statistically significant interaction effect between IA and loneliness, F (2, 161) = 0.80, p = .45. There was statistically significant main effects for both IA, F (2,161) = 6.45, p = .002, with a medium effect size (partial eta squared = 0.08); and loneliness F (2,161) = 24.05, p = .001, with a large effect size (partial eta squared = 0.13. Post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean scores for the low, moderate and high internet addiction groups (M = 96.26, SD = 17.28); (M = 81.46, SD = 13.01); and (M = 89.23, SD = 15.68) were respectively statistically different. The implication of this result is that psychological wellbeing of cadets is affected by both internet addiction and loneliness independently. Recommendations are established on the findings.

Keywords: Internet addiction, loneliness, psychological wellbeing, cadets, Nigeria

EFFECTS OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL THERAPIES ON THE SELF-EFFICACY OF DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN LAGOS STATE

Samuel Olufemi ADENIYI — 2024-05-12

This study examined the effects of psycho-social therapies on self-efficacy of deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed quasi-experimental pretest post-tests control group research design. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select schools and 45 deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents that exhibited poor self-efficacy. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instruments used for data collection were Generalised Self-efficacy Scales and Parenting Style Scale. Data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance. According to the findings, the experimental groups who received cognitive and social learning therapies demonstrated enhanced self-efficacy in contrast to their counterparts in the control group. The social learning therapy had a more significant effect on the self-efficacy of teenagers who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. In addition, the study found that there was no notable disparity in the average self-efficacy scores of deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents after the trial, regardless of their gender, socioeconomic level, or parenting style. It was recommended that cognitive behaviour and social learning therapies should be employed to manage some psycho-social problems that adolescents exhibit whether because of their peculiarities or pressure of the stage of development.

Keywords: Adolescents, Deaf and Hard-of-hearing, Cognitive behavior therapy, Social learning therapy

CORRUPTION ADDICTION: A DISORDER OR A TRAIT?

Anna Yunana AKINGA — 2024-05-12

The paper delves into the intricate and controversial concept of corruption, exploring whether it could be viewed as a disorder akin to addiction or as an inherent trait within individuals. It begins by defining corruption from economic and societal perspectives, highlighting its role as a form of dishonesty and abuse of power. The systemic nature of corruption is also discussed, emphasizing its entrenchment in societal structures and practices. While not formally recognized as a psychological disorder, this concept draws parallels with addiction by featuring compulsivity, tolerance, withdrawal, negative consequences, and escalation. The paper concludes that, based on the reviewed literature, corruption addiction appears to be more of a disorder than a trait. It highlights the impact of environmental factors, the distress and dysfunction caused by corruption, and the lack of empathy as factors that contribute to the classification of corruption as a disorder. The paper recommends subjecting individuals in public office to corruption tests, providing rehabilitation and recovery options for corrupt individuals, and imposing strict penalties to deter corrupt behavior.

Keywords: Corruption Addiction, Disorder, Trait, Addiction, and Behaviour.

IMPACT OF PROBLEMATIC SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND BODY IMAGE ON SOCIAL ISOLATION AMONG HEALTH AND FITNESS ENTHUSIASTS IN OWERRI, NIGERIA

Ethelbert Chinaka NJOKU — 2024-05-13

This study investigated the impact of problematic social media use and body image on social isolation among health and fitness enthusiasts in Owerri, Nigeria. A sample of 200 health and fitness enthusiasts were recruited from Prolife fitness gym, Pinewood hotel gym, Wolfsmart gym, Maximobi hotel gym, and Kanu sports center using convenience sampling. The age range of the participants were between 18 and 44 years (M = 27.57, SD = 8.498) consisting of 85 males and 115 females. Two hypotheses were proposed and tested. Data were collected using both paper questionnaires and google form Participants completed a demographic survey along with three self-report measures including UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA LS) by Russell et al. (1978), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) by Andreassen et al. (2012), and Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) by Schaefer et al. (2014). A cross-sectional survey design was used in the study and linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that problematic social media use has significant impact on social isolation, and body image also has a significant impact on social isolation. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy social media habits and fostering positive body image perceptions to mitigate the risk of social isolation among health and fitness enthusiasts.

Keywords: Problematic social media use, body image, social isolation, fitness and health, gym

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN BAMA, BORNO STATE.

Joshua USMAN — 2024-05-13

The displacement of individuals due to conflicts is a major concern worldwide. People displaced by insurgency in Nigeria are at risk of developing mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety and stress. Social support however, plays a role in alleviating these mental health challenges. This study examined the influence of social support on the mental health of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Bama Local Government Area of Borno State. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the study. Participants were three hundred and ninety six IDPs, (157 males and 239 females) drawn from the Government Senior Secondary School IDP Camp Bama, using simple random sampling. Data was collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Three research hypotheses were generated and tested using linear regression and independent sample t-test. The study found social support to have a significant influence on depression among IDPs at [F(1, 394) = 7.554 R2 = .019, p < 0.01], social support have a significant influence on perceived stress among IDPs [F(1, 394) = 8.400 R2 = .021, p < 0.01] whereas social support have no significant influence on anxiety among IDPs [F(1, 394) = .028 R2 = .000, p > 0.05].The study concluded that social support has significant influence on mental health by alleviating symptoms of depression and stress among IDPs but not with anxiety. It recommends among others that organizations and government agencies involved in providing humanitarian services to IDPs should prioritize and enhance social support programs such as counselling services, support services, and community-building initiatives to strengthen the social support network for IDPs.

Key words: IDPs, Mental Health, Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Social support

INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF NIGERIAN SOLDIERS DEPLOYED IN KADUNA STATE

Anna Yunana AKINGA — 2024-05-13

The psychological well-being of military personnel is crucial for their operational effectiveness, mission readiness, and overall quality of life, particularly in challenging environments like Kaduna State, Nigeria. Using cross-sectional design this study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on the psychological well-being of Nigerian soldiers deployed in Kaduna State, where unique stressors and demands exist. Drawing on a mixed-method design, data were collected from 200 soldiers using snowballing technique. Results indicate a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence (F (1,198) =113.65; p<0.001) with R=0.604, R²=0.365 and psychological well-being among soldiers. Furthermore, demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, religion, and deployment did not predict psychological well-being, emphasizing the central role of emotional intelligence in soldiers' mental health. Findings underscore the importance of promoting emotional intelligence training and support programs within military organizations to enhance soldiers' resilience and well-being. Recommendations for military leadership and future research directions are discussed to optimize soldiers' mental health in challenging operational environments.

Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Psychological well-being, Military personnel, Resilience

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NEEDS OF WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: A NON-PHARMACEUTICAL INTERVENTIONS APPROACH

Abiola Adiat OMOKHABI — 2024-05-13

This paper demonstrated barriers encountered by Women with Disabilities (WWD) as regards their reproductive health such as difficulty in accessing reproductive health needs and information, lack of knowledge and negative attitude of healthcare providers based on previous findings from researchers. This paper proposed a first-step non-pharmaceutical approach to providing women with disabilities with better reproductive health care. Women with disabilities require reproductive health care that is specific to women's needs and traits. There is also a need for training for healthcare professionals to understand the special requirements of WWD patients. This training should focus on patient-centered care, working effectively with women, and the link between disabilities and pregnancy is necessary for healthcare professionals. Education and resources should also be made available to enhance respect for women with disabilities and promote their safety to meet the population's needs for reproductive health. Also, the government should ensure advocacy for increased access to sexual and reproductive health services, including prenatal and postnatal care for women with disabilities.

Keywords: Reproductive Health, Women with Disabilities, Reproductive Health Needs of Women with Disabilities, Non-pharmaceutical Interventions

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY AND FACILITATOR FACTORS ON ADULT LEARNERS’ RETENTION IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Uchechukwu Charles OSU — 2024-05-13

Many factors have been considered to affect adult retention, ranges from family finance, children school fees, distance to study center, and work related issue. Thus achieving retention becomes difficult if all these are not well managed and even to achieve academic success become unrealistic. It is against this background this study examines influence of family and facilitator factors on the retention of adult learners in Ibadan, Oyo State, the study utilized purposive sampling technique to select participants from facilitators and adult learners actively engaged in literacy programmes across two (2) local government in Oyo State. Facilitators' average is between 31.02 +6.53, while adult learners' average age is between 22.02 +4.23 The findings revealed that several factors contributed to a negative impact on adult learners' retention. These factors included financial constraints hindering access to study materials (2.47>2.18), the burden of high school fees affecting families' ability to afford meal (2.56>2.18), distance to the learning center causing missed classes (2.75>2.18), and family responsibilities impeding program completion (2.56>2.18). Additionally, facilitators' strategies, such as post-class summaries and active classroom management (3.56>3.43)., were found to positively influence retention rates. Family finances, financial constraint, burden of school fees other familial issues significantly affect adult learners' retention as found from the study.

It is recommended that adult learners should endeavor to mitigate any factors that may impede their retention rates to enhance their learning outcomes.

Key Words: Retention, Adult learners, Literacy Programmes, family, facilitator factors

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (IPV) AND POSITIVE LIFE OUTCOMES: NARRATIVES AND EMERGING TRENDS IN IBADAN, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

Olufunke Olufunsho ADEGOKE — 2024-05-13

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major social problem that is widely dispersed geographically and seen as an aberration of expected behaviours. Empirical documentation of IPV has reported its negative effect on the female gender which is psychological and physical on their health. Also, IPV has been documented as a constraint against female gender achievement and development. This constraint is entrenched in a patriarchal society where male dominance is the ideology inculcated in individuals irrespective of their gender. However, this study investigated IPV in the context of female gender emancipation and empowerment, which has a dearth of knowledge in empirical studies. Structural Functionalism and Social Action Theories aided the theoretical framework. This was a cross-sectional study that utilized both exploratory and case study as methods for data collection. The selection of respondents was done through snowballing of victims who have liberated themselves from their IPV lived experiences and demonstrated positive life outcomes. In all, nine case studies were researched. Thematic and content analysis were used to analyse the qualitative data. This work emphasized the views of IPV is socially constructed and this has implications for the interpretation given to it by the social actors either as a source of strength or weakness in their pursuit of achievement and development. Also, social institutions are impactful in the actualization of these outcomes. Based on findings, the patriarchal nature of the Traditional African Societies seems to be under stress of its conservatism in modern times as indicated in the experiences of the abused women who have been able to re-channel their life course.

Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence, Social Institutions, Female Gender, Life Outcomes, Nigeria

PSYCHO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES INFLUENCING EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OYO, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Elinah Yemisi OLANREWAJU — 2024-05-13

Examination malpractice has become a monster in the educational system, and its incidence has reached a frightening dimension in Nigeria. The study investigated psycho-demographic variables influencing examination malpractice among secondary school students in Oyo metropolis. A sample of two hundred and fifty senior secondary school students randomly selected participated in the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, and three validated instruments were used in generating data for the study. Six null hypotheses were set in piloting the study. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. There is significant composite contribution of students’ religion, gender, academic self-efficacy and locus of control to examination malpractices (R=.427,R²=183, (F(5.243=10.83,p<.05). Academic self-efficacy significantly contributed to examination malpractices among the students (B=43,t=7.35,p<.05). Based on the findings, professional counsellors in schools should intensify efforts on how students could beef up their academic self-efficacy through enhanced self-esteem. Education stakeholders should collaborate in orientating students for independent work in the examination hall.

Keywords: Academic self-efficacy, examination malpractice, gender, locus of control, religion, self-efficacy

EFFECT OF CASH CRUNCH ON THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Olufunto Adedotun KANYIO — 2024-06-01

This study examined the impact of the cash crunch on public bus transport services in Lagos, Nigeria. The objectives examined the effect of naira design on customer satisfaction with public transport services and also examined how the cash crunch affects public transport services in Lagos State. The study relied on a survey research design and the use of primary data, which were derived from a questionnaire instrument administered at the study location. Further, a combination of clustered, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques were used while respondents (ticketing officers and drivers) were selected for the questionnaire administration. The statistical regression technique from the SPSS software was used for data relationship analysis, while descriptive tools were utilised for the presentation of the results. The study found that with a mean criterion or decision rule (reject if the mean is < 3.00), hoarding of cash by the financial institutions in the country was the major cause of the cash crunch experienced, with a mean value of 4.93, while insecurity, accounting for a mean value of 1.61, was ranked the lowest. In addition, with respect to the effect on public transport bus service operations, cash inaccessibility was ranked highest with a mean value of 5.00, while labour shortage was ranked lowest with a mean value of 2.13. It was concluded that cash influences the public bus transport sector as business transactions become constricted and stiffened. Thus, resulting in a slowdown in operations and activities, a greater percentage of the respondents were not satisfied with the government's motives for the Naira redesign. It was recommended that the timing of policy should be adequately considered. Naira redesign policy should not be positioned at periods (the end of the year, the festive season, and the peak of the election season) that come with high spending and the increased use of cash. The demand for cash is stronger than usual during these periods.

Keywords: Cash crunch, Naira redesign, public transport services, operations, activities

PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUTING STRESS AS PREDICTORS OF EMOTIONAL LABOUR AMONG NURSES IN IBADAN, OYO STATE

Ezekiel O ARUOTURE — 2024-06-01

Nursing has been described as one of the most stressful professions considering their exposure to emotional demands from their patients, and prolonged working duration. This study examined practice environment and commuting stress as predictors of Emotional Labour in Ibadan, Oyo State. This study employed ex-post facto design, purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 301 nurses in Ibadan, Oyo State, with participants’ ages ranging between 17 and 64, and a mean age of 32.93±10.18 years. A 61-item self-report questionnaire comprising socio-demographics, practice environment (?=.95), commuting stress (?=.80) and emotional labour (?=.87) was administered. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson r, hierarchical multiple regression and ANOVA analysis. After statistically controlling for sex, age and practice experience, the results revealed that psychosocial factors significantly and jointly predicted Emotional labour and its components. Furthermore, age, practice experience, participation in the centre affairs, the nursing foundation for quality of care, adequate human resources, Nurses-physician relationship and commuting stress independently predicted nurse’s emotional labour and its components (surface action, deep acting, naturally felt emotion and emotional termination) More also, marital status predict bullying behaviour. Finally, psychosocial factors are important joint predictors of emotional labour and its components. It's recommended that nurses should be more involved in the hospital policy-making and decision process, and the latest hospital equipment should be provided. Furthermore, nurse hostels in the hospital vicinity and public transport should be provided to reduce commuting stress.

Keywords: Emotional labour, Practice environment, Commuting stress

PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A META-ANALYSIS.

Wakil Ajibola ASEKUN — 2024-06-02

The anthropogenic activities responsible for climate change in Africa may not be the same with Europe and America, but the impacts of climate change on vulnerable people are nonetheless similar across the globe in literature. However, it is only the harm to our physical health caused by climate crisis that is well reported, while the psychological outcome of the crises is often overlooked or totally ignored. This article examined the effect of climate change on psychological wellbeing of vulnerable population. The study conducted a systematic search of Psych INFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from January 1990 to January 2024. In all, a total of 115 studies with a total of 3560 participants met the criteria for inclusion. A significant meta-analytic effect size indicated that climate change is significantly related with psychological distress, and manifested in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, substance use, and behavioral disturbances. Further, the findings from the study showed that different vulnerable population groups were affected by climate change which includes young adults, pregnant women, indigent people, and persons with disabilities and those with preexisting or chronic medical conditions. Recommendations for action by relevant authorities as well as stakeholders were made.

Keywords: Distress, health, psychological wellbeing, climate change