AFRICAN JOURNAL FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOCIAL ISSUES

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA DURING THE ENDSARS PROTEST IN NIGERIA

Olakunle Adeboye Shokoya — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nigerians heavily promoted the #EndSARS protest using social media to the fullest extent, which caught the attention of the international and national communities in the year 2020. Nigerian police brutality was the target of the decentralized protest #EndSARS. Social media was largely used by Nigerian youths in disseminating information, mobilizing resources and people to protest against police brutality. However, social media was equally used for misinformation and fake news which turned the people against the police and the destruction of private and public properties followed suit. The study investigated the role and rationale behind the usage of social media during the Endsars protest. This study employed the Descriptive survey research design. The study employed the use of key informant interviews, In-depth interviews, and structured questionnaires as research instruments. A total of 16 interviews were conducted across the three senatorial districts in Lagos with 359 questionnaires administered as well. It was found out that Social media was instrumental to the endsars protest as it was the engine of information and mobilization. Social media was also used to protest online with the use of Hashtags which has been discovered in this study as the digital means of protesting. A recent development in social protest in Nigeria is the phenomenon of using social media as a catalyst of social protest. The study came to the conclusion that as internet use and adoption rise in the nation, social media would be utilised more frequently to compel the government to deal with more pressing concerns.

Keywords: Social protest, #EndSars, Social media, Social media information, Social media misinformation, Nigeria

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION AS REMEDIATION OF PRE-RETIREMENT ANXIETY AMONG OYO STATE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS.

Sulaiman Akinola SHITTU, Samuel OLADIPO, Hammed ADEOYE — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the efficacy of systematic desensitisation in alleviating pre-retirement anxiety among secondary school teachers in Oyo State. A pre-test, post-test, control quasi-experimental design was utilised. The population consisted of 12,422 senior secondary school teachers in Oyo State. A multi-stage sampling procedure alongside simple random sampling was utilised to select eighty-two (82) participants. Two hypotheses were developed to direct the study at a significance level of 0.05. The data collection instruments included the pre-retirement anxiety scale developed by Oluseyi and Olufemi (2015), which demonstrated a reliability coefficient of r = .85, the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995) with a reliability coefficient of r = .88, and a systematic desensitisation treatment package. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to evaluate the hypotheses. The results indicated a significant main effect of treatment (Systematic Desensitisation) on pre-retirement anxiety among secondary school teachers in Oyo State; F(2,70)= 7.416, P< 0.05, ?2= 0.186. A significant main effect of self-efficacy on pre-retirement anxiety was observed among secondary school teachers in Oyo State; F(1,70) = 16.424, p<0.05, ?2= 0.202. This suggests that pre-retirement anxiety among secondary school teachers in Oyo State differs according to their self-efficacy levels. It is recommended that Systematic Desensitisation (SD) be regularly implemented in the training of secondary school teachers to manage pre-retirement anxiety. Teachers should receive guidance regarding retirement, encouraging them to perceive it as a new chapter in their lives rather than the conclusion of their professional careers.

Keywords: Anxiety, Intervention, Pre-retirement, Retirement, Self-efficacy and Systematic Desensitization.

PRAGMATIC ACTS USED AS DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES IN MEDICAL ENCOUNTERS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PATIENTS IN NIGERIA

Seun AKINTARO — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The therapeutic outcomes for mental health patients in Nigeria are significantly improved when healthcare providers employ clear, empathetic, and culturally sensitive language in their diagnostic and treatment approaches. Existing linguistic studies on mental health discourse have examined mental illness detection through language and mental illness manifestation as portrayed on social media. Little attention has however been paid to the pragmatic language acts deployed by mental health practitioners during diagnosis and treatment processes of mental health patients (MHPs) in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to investigate pragmatic acts used as diagnostic strategies in medical encounters with MHPs in Nigeria. Jacob Mey’s Pragmatic Act Theory served as the framework. A qualitative research design was adopted. Medical encounters with mental health conditions at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria were purposively selected. Seven medical encounters were audio-taped. Data were subjected to pragmatic analysis. Findings show that mental health practitioners deploy six preponderant pragmatic acts as strategies that aid diagnosis and treatment processes of MHPs in Nigeria. The pragmatic acts are – counselling, interjectory, suggesting, inquiring, re-assessing and promising. Respectively, these acts are used by doctors/psychiatrists to perform the pragmatic function of encouraging, prompting responses, tracking mental health history, showing medical concern, confirming and assuring. These acts/functions are realised through pragmatic cues entailed by REL, SSK, REF, INF, prosody and indirect speech act. The identified acts/functions therefore emphasise Nigerian mental health workers’ readiness to positively respond to patients’ medical needs.

Keywords: Mental health, Medical encounters, Pragmatic acts

EFFECT OF GROUP MORALE ON MEMBERS PERFORMANCE

Toyyib Olaniyi MUSA, Makinde Victor AKINNIGBAGBE, Kehinde S. SALIU — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research investigated the effects of group morale on members’ performance. The quasi-experimental study was carried out in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State using 54 participants randomly selected from ND I Public Administration Students. Through random assignment, the participants were divided into three equal groups (Male:18, Female:18, Mixed:18). Each of this group was further subdivided into three subgroups of 6 members each to ensure that the research used optimum group size. To measure performance, participants were required to pick white beans from a mixture of various seeds with different colours while Van Boxmeer & Christiaan Verwijs Morale Scale (2007) was used to measure the morale of participants. A single hypothesis was tested in the study while Independent Samples t-test was used to test for the result of the study. The result of test conducted indicated that there was no significant difference in the task performance scores of participants with low group morale (M=29.10, SD=6.00) and high group morale (M=30.49, SD= 6.090). The study concludes that there is no positive correlation between morale and task performance and as such, it was recommended that fostering a productive work environment requires motivation and a mix of other means that will achieve the desired objective of increased productivity.

Keywords: Group, morale, performances

MANAGING THE ENDSARS PROTEST IN NIGERIA: OUTCOMES AND IMPLICATIONS

Olayinka AKANLE, Olakunle Adeboye SHOKOYA — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the management and outcomes of the EndSARS protest in Nigeria, focusing on the government’s response, protest organization, and socio-political consequences. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with protesters, law enforcement officials, policymakers, and civil society representatives. The study explores the effectiveness of government crisis management strategies, public perceptions of police reform efforts, and the broader implications for governance and human rights in Nigeria. Findings indicate that the protest was largely driven by youth dissatisfaction with police brutality, poor governance, and economic hardship. While the disbandment of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was a key outcome, many respondents expressed skepticism about the sincerity of government reforms. Interviews with protesters revealed a strong desire for justice, accountability, and institutional change, whereas government officials highlighted security concerns and the need for law enforcement restructuring. The study also found that the protest exposed significant weaknesses in crisis management, communication, and governance responsiveness. This research concludes that sustainable reform requires inclusive dialogue, transparent governance, and improved law enforcement oversight. It recommends comprehensive police reforms, youth engagement in governance, and better protest management strategies to prevent future unrest and enhance democratic accountability in Nigeria.

Keyword: Endsars, Management, Outcome, Protest, Governance Response, Youth Movement.

MEANING IN LIFE AND ECO-ANXIETY AS FACTORS OF SOCIAL ISOLATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS LIVING WITH HIV

olamide ola — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Among adolescents; HIV has been linked with a lot of worries regarding who they are. These negative associations can be internalized, and for the adolescent who is struggling to work out who they are; the negative social responses to HIV can lead to profound negative experiences of self-stigma. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between meaning in life and eco-anxiety as factors of social isolation among adolescents living with HIV. A total of two hundred (200) adolescents (male 60, 30%) and female (140 , 70%),participated in the study with their ages ranging from 10-19. They were selected from two Health facilities in Nsukka urban of Enugu State. The participants were evaluated using; The Meaning in Life Scale (MLQ), Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) and UCLA Social Isolation Scale. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, and Hayes PROCESS Macro was used to analyze the data. The result of Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that presence of meaning in life was a significant negative predictor of social association (? = -.28, p<.01); search for meaning in life was a significant positive predictor of social isolation (? = .21, p<.01); while eco-anxiety was a significant negative predictor of social isolation (? = -.23, p<.01) among adolescents living with HIV. This study emphasizes the importance of multi-dimensional interventions that not only address the intrinsic quest for meaning, but also recognizes external concerns like eco-anxiety as potential areas for fostering connection and reducing isolation among HIV positive adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescents, eco-anxiety, social isolation, meaning in life.

AFRICA AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: A REVIEW

Idowu JOHNSON, Daniel GODWIN — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Up until the early 15th century, the regions now known as the global North and South were developing at a fairly comparable pace, as measured by the development index. But that comparable development was later truncated by a large-scale expropriation of resources from the south to the north, giving birth to international division of labour. The position of Africa in the international system can be understood within the context of this international division of labour, prompted by the spread of capitalism and engendered by the advanced industrialised countries of the world. It is against this backdrop that this paper reviewed from a comparative perspective the position of Africa in the international system with a view to highlight Africa’s strengths and weaknesses in the face of contemporary realities. The paper adopted a qualitative comparative research design. Data and information used were basically sourced from secondary sources such as reports, researched articles, and books. The paper provides a review of how Africa was integrated into the global economy by highlighting the instrumentalities of barbarian domination, imperialism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism. The consequence of which is the marginalization of Africa in world affairs. The paper indicated that global institutions, multilateral organisations, and external influence on national policies remain potent threats to Africa’s extrication and development. The paper assessed the call for a New International Economic Order and a New Partnership for Africa Development as attempts by Africa to ask for a more equitable international economic regime. The paper made recommendations on the way forward for Africa and concluded that even in the 21^st century, the unequal relationships between the Western industrialised countries and Africa still persist. However, Agenda 2063 offers Africa a template for extrication.

Keywords: Africa, International system, Development, Global south and north.

MEDIA AND THE PROPAGATION OF HATE SPEECH IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND SOCIAL COHESION

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study critically explores the role of Nigerian media in the proliferation of hate speech and its implications for national security and social cohesion. In an environment marked by heightened ethnic, religious, and political tensions, the unregulated spread of divisive rhetoric through media channels poses a significant threat to societal stability and nation-building efforts. Employing a mixed-methods research design, this study integrates quantitative, qualitative, and content analysis approaches to provide a comprehensive investigation. The content analysis focused on media outputs from prominent digital and traditional platforms, categorising hate speech themes, including ethnic, religious, and political divisions. Findings reveal a predominance of ethnic-based hate speech, accounting for 47% of the content sampled, followed by religious (33%) and political (30%) rhetoric. These findings highlight the structural and thematic drivers of hate speech proliferation in Nigerian media. The quantitative component employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods. A chi-square test (?² = 15.76, p < 0.05) revealed a significant association between media consumption patterns and perceptions of hate speech, with individuals consuming digital media reporting heightened perceptions of hate speech compared to those relying on traditional platforms. Pearson correlation analysis (r = 0.68, p < 0.01) identified a strong positive relationship between perceptions of media responsibility and concerns about national security, suggesting that heightened media culpability perceptions correlate with increased anxiety over the destabilising effects of hate speech. Qualitative insights, derived from interviews with media practitioners, security experts, and civil society leaders, provided further depth, identifying inadequate regulatory oversight and socio-political dynamics as key enablers of hate speech. The findings underscore the ethical imperatives of journalism and the need for robust institutional responses to mitigate the societal impact of divisive rhetoric. This study contributes to the discourse on the interplay between media practices, public perception, and national stability. It offers evidence-based strategies for promoting responsible media practices, enhancing social cohesion, and bolstering regulatory frameworks to safeguard Nigeria’s socio-political landscape.

Keywords: Nigerian-media, hate-speech, national-security, social-cohesion, regulatory-frameworks

MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED PARENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL AND SECURE ATTACHMENT STYLE IN SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

K.O NWEKE, A. I UMEATUEGBU, M.O OKPALA, C. I. AGBASIMELO — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined how perceived parental psychological control and secure attachment style moderated the existing relationship between social media addiction and academic performance among undergraduates. It included undergraduate volunteers from randomly selected faculties at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Participants included 64 males and 242 females, with a mean age of 20.67 years and a standard deviation of 1.78. The study used four instruments to collect data: the social media addiction scale, the perceived parental psychological control scale, and the secure domain of attachment style questionnaire. Academic performance was examined using the first semester results of introduction to social statistics (PSY211). The study used a moderated predictive design, and data analysis was performed using the PROCESS Macro model 2. The study found that perceived parental psychological control had a negative and significant moderating effect (T=-2.4234, F=5.8731, P<.05) on academic performance. Additionally, both perceived parental psychological control and secured attachment style had a negative and significant joint moderating effect (T=-2.881, F=4.3752, P<.001). It was recommended that parents and care givers should raise their children with love, care and emotional and physical support as they serve as buffers that reduce the effect of social media addiction among undergraduates.

Keywords: Social Media Addiction, Academic Performance, Psychological Control, Secure Attachment Style

PREVALENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SABO TASHA, CHIKUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KADUNA STATE.

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the prevalence of domestic violence among married women in chikun local government, Kaduna state, Nigeria. A total number of 105 women participated in the study. The demographic data was obtained by the means of a self-compiled questionnaire and the instrument used to measure the prevalence of domestic violence was the violence against women scale {VAWS,1993} and four hypotheses were tested in the study. Hypothesis one indicated that married women in sabo tasha ward chikun local government experienced high level of psychological violence by their partner [x=17.610, p<.001] when compared with cohabiting women. Hypothesis two indicated that married women in sabo tasha ward chikun local government experienced high level of physical violence by their partner [x=26.752, p<.001]. Hypothesis three indicated that married women in sabo tasha ward chikun local government experienced high level of sexual violence by their partner [x=19.286, p<.001]. Hypothesis four indicated that there was a significant prevalence of domestic violence among married women in sabo tasha ward, chikun local government [67%]. It was recommended in this study that there should be a provision of therapy for both the perpetrators and the victims of domestic violence which can better improve them and reduce domestic violence

Keywords: Chikun, Domestic violence, Kaduna, Married women, prevalence

SHAPING PERSPECTIVES: THE IMPACT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS.

A. M FATUNBI , E. O ADEWALE , L. G IORKER — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mental health stigma attitude remains a pervasive barrier to effective care, often shaped by the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of healthcare professionals (HPs). While self-stigma and public stigma are well-documented, structural stigma reflected in discriminatory policies and systemic barriers remains underexplored especially among healthcare professionals, with existing studies yielding mixed findings. This study examines the nuanced impact of gender, marital status, cultural and religious affiliation on HPs' attitudes toward individuals with mental illness, with a particular focus on dimensions of Authoritativeness, Benevolence, Social Restrictiveness, and Community Mental Health Ideology (CMHI).

Employing a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 289 sample of HPs using validated Community Attitude toward Mental Illness (CAMI) scale to assess their attitudes and biases. Findings from multiple analysis of variance revealed significant variations in attitudes based on gender, with male HPs demonstrating higher authoritarian tendencies and restrictive views. Religious and cultural influences also emerged as pivotal factors, shaping both benevolent and stigmatizing attitudes.

Based on these insights, we propose evidence-based training programs aimed at fostering more inclusive, empathetic, and community-integrative attitudes among HPs. Specifically, gender-responsive interventions should encourage male HPs to adopt more autonomy-supportive practices, while culturally and religiously sensitive training should challenge stigmatizing beliefs rooted in traditional norms. Furthermore, promoting intergroup dialogue and strengthening community-based mental health strategies can enhance CMHI-related attitudes, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: Attitude toward Mental Illness, Authoritativeness, Benevolence, Social Restrictiveness, and Community Mental Health Ideology

EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATIVE COUNSELLING APPROACHES ON CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL COMMUNITIES

Chibuzor ONYEMA, Jimoh OWOYELE, Hammed ADEOYE — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In today's interconnected world, multicultural communities represent the convergence of diverse cultural, ethnic and social identities within shared geographical spaces and present unique challenges, particularly in conflict management. This paper explores the effectiveness of integrative counselling approaches (culturally sensitive, narrative, and relational therapy) for conflict management in the Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria multicultural communities. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design was used with a sample of 371 residents. The instruments used to collect data included the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI) and Intercultural Conflict Scale (ICS). One hypothesis was generated and tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the .05 level of significance. The results showed that participants who underwent integrative counselling interventions (culturally sensitive therapy, narrative therapy and relational therapy) showed a significant reduction in intercultural conflict compared to those who did not receive such interventions (F_{(1, 368)} = 21.189, p < .0005). Specifically, the mean ICS scores for the treatment group were significantly lower post-intervention (M = 25.4, SD = 3.2) compared to the control group (M = 32.7, SD = 4.1). This suggests that integrative counselling approaches, including culturally sensitive therapy, narrative therapy, and relational therapy, were effective in managing and reducing conflict in multicultural Nigerian communities in Ogun and Oyo States. It was subsequently recommended, among other things, that psychologists and organizations working with diverse communities should consider integrating culturally sensitive approaches into their counselling frameworks. This includes training therapists to understand and respect cultural differences and tailoring interventions to meet the specific needs of different cultural groups.

Key Words: Integrative counselling approaches, culturally sensitive therapy, narrative therapy, relational therapy, conflict management.

MARITAL COMMUNICATION STYLES AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS PREDICTORS OF MARITAL SATISFACTION AMONG MARRIED PEOPLE

Solomon A. AGU , Chinenye B. MMAMEL — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated marital communication styles and emotional intelligence as predictors of marital satisfaction among married people. A total of 386 participants drawn from married Staff of Enugu State Universal Basic Education Board (ESUBEB). The participants were made up of 186 (48%) males and 200 (52%) females with age range between 34 years and 52 years; M = 43.26 and SD= 4.77. Mixed sampling technique (Purposive, convenient) was used to select the participants. Communication Pattern Questionnaire – Short Form; Wong and Law Emotional Intelligent Scale and Index of Marital Satisfaction were used as instrument for the study. Correlation design was adopted while Hierarchical Multiple Regression statistics result revealed that Mutual constructive communication (? = .60, t = 17.31, p<.01); Self demand-Partner withdraw communication (? = -.31, t = 10.59, at p<.01) and Partner demand-Self Withdraw communication (? = -.07, t = -2.66, at p<.05) predicted marital satisfaction. The contribution of marital communication style in explaining the variance in marital satisfaction was 77% (?R² = .77). Also, Self Emotion Appraisal (? = .36, t = 5.49 p<.01); Regulation of Emotion, (? = .23, t = 5.06, p<.01); Use of Emotion, (? = .31, t = 4.67, p<.01) and Others Emotion Appraisal (? = .13, t = 2.19, p<.05) positively predicted marital satisfaction. The contribution of emotional intelligence in explaining the variance in marital satisfaction was 01% (?R² = .01).Finding of the study may help both unmarried and married couples to understand that the way they communicate and emotionally relate with each other can have lasting impacts on the overall marital relationship.

Key Words: Marital, Communication Styles, Emotional Intelligence, Satisfaction

INFLUENCE OF PRINCIPALS’ SELF-CONCEPT AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION ON THE RETENTION OF STUDENTS IN LAGOS STATE PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA

OLubusayo Aduke ASIKHIA — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Private secondary school principals often face the problem of students’ retention for many underlying reasons leaving a vacuum of increased running costs for the principal to battle with. This has been a major concern for educational stakeholders and therefore needs urgent attention. Hence, this study investigated the influence of principals’ self-concept and intrinsic motivation on the retention of secondary school students in Lagos State private secondary schools, Nigeria. Survey research design was used in the study. The population of registered private secondary schools in Lagos that formed the study’s population was 21,544 and a stratified random sampling technique was adopted. The schools were stratified in line with the three senatorial districts of the state and two stages of schools; early (schools that are less than five years in operation and advanced stages (schools that are above five years in operation).The sample size of 378 was determined by researcher’s advisor table. A self-structured questionnaire titled Self-concept, Intrinsic Motivation and Private Secondary School Students’ Retention (SIMPSSSR) with reliability coefficient of > 0.70, was used to collect data. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. F-statistic of (13.794) indicates that the model provides a meaningful improvement over a model without principals’ self-concept as a predictor and the p-value (.001) shows that the relationship between principals' self-concept and students’ retention is not due to chance. Findings revealed that while self concept of principals has positive significant influence on students’ retention while principals’ intrinsic motivation has an insignificant influence on students’ retention. On the joint contribution of self-concept and intrinsic motivation, findings showed that while intrinsic motivation alone showed only a marginal effect, combining it with self-concept results in a model that is both statistically stronger and more meaningful. Among the recommendations made were that private secondary school owners should review and modify their policies and structures to ensure that they support the intrinsic motivation of principals, inclusion of policies that promote work flexibility, increased principal involvement in decision-making processes without undue interference and the creation of a supportive environment at work.

KEYWORDS: Intrinsic Motivation, Lagos state, Principal, Retention and Self-concept,.

REVOLUTIONIZING PEDAGOGY: FOSTERING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ENGAGEMENT AMONG TEACHING STAFF IN IBADAN'S PRIVATE UNIVERSITY

Tina Martha AKINBO — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated the adoption of technology and engagement modes among teaching staff at a private university in Ibadan. The integration of technology in educational institutions has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance teaching and learning processes. The study adopted the Social Exchange Theory (SET) to explain the factors influencing teaching staff's attitudes and behaviors towards technology. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted in Ibadan using quantitative methods and secondary data. Data was manually analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented in graphs and tables, with secondary data used to support the findings. The study found that 65.11% of the respondents were males, with the largest percentage (34.88%) of respondents aged 56 and above. About 46.51% of respondents had obtained Ph.D. degrees, and approximately 81.39% were of Yoruba ethnicity. Additionally, 41.86% of respondents held the position of Lecturer I. In terms of technology adoption, the study revealed that 53.48% of respondents had partially adopted Learning Management Systems (LMS), while 39.53% had adopted Collaborative Tools and 44.18% had adopted Multimedia Resources. Furthermore, 32.55% had partially or fully adopted Mobile Apps for learning, while 65.11% had adopted Social Media and Online Communities. Online Assessment Tools were adopted by 44.18% of respondents, while only 16.27% had adopted Game-Based Learning. The study also found that 67.44% of respondents strongly believed that they enjoyed working in their department, with an additional 32.55% agreeing with this statement, indicating a high level of satisfaction and positive sentiment among the lecturers. Regarding organizational support, 58.13% of respondents agreed that their organization provides support, and 37.20% agreed or strongly agreed that they have the freedom to change their lecture mode according to their preferences and instructional strategies. Therefore, the study suggests that institutions, managements, lecturers, and clerical staff should intensify efforts to embrace technology as a catalyst for educational transformation in Ibadan's private university sector.

Key words: Technology Adoption, Engagement Mode, Educational Institutions, Staff's Attitudes

UNDERSTANDING THE WHY AND HOW OF LEFT-BEHIND SPOUSES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS IN NIGERIA

Abiodun Tunde OJURI, Olayinka AKANLE — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Globally, the absentee spouse phenomenon is increasingly becoming ubiquitous as a result of emigration, with multidimensional implications for families. In Nigeria, international migration involving one of the spouses is one of the major causes of marital disruption and separation among married couples, especially in Ibadan, Oyo State, with a significant number of left-behind spouses. Although existing studies on international migration have focused largely on remittances, reproductive health, and education, little attention has been paid to the left-behind spouses in particular. Yet, this is significant and crucial as the celebratory-remittance narratives have muted and dwarfed other flipsides, particularly in cases where being left behind was initially rejected or not consensual. Against this background, this article explored the left-behind spouses in Ibadan with a specific focus on the processes (HOW) of migration that led to spouses being left-behind, the purpose of migrants’ migration, the reasons and willingness (WHY) to be left behind, the decision-making process, and the family awareness and support of the migration of the significant other. The article adopted the social network theory as its theoretical framework. 41 In-depth Interviews were conducted with left-behind spouses: male (10) and female (20), and their spouses abroad: male (9) and female (2). Twenty-Five Key Informant Interviews were conducted with family members (13) and friends (12) of left-behind spouses and Five Case Studies amongst the left-behind spouses. Left-behind spouses of international migrants are being shaped and re-shaped with various experiences ranging from the aftermath of sociopolitical occurrences to discontent with local circumstances and realities. Their decision-making process to become left-behind mirrors a cooperative effort, encompassing prolonged strategies, family considerations, and occasionally individual choices, highlighting the intricacy of migration decisions. Overall, the experiences of left-behind spouses are dynamic, shaped by personal, cultural, and social factors. Hence, understanding the domains of experiences of left-behind spouses require a comprehensive approach that acknowledges the intricate web of kin and social connections, resilience, and adaptability within the broader context of international migration experiences.

Keywords: Left behind spouses, International migration, Ibadan.

PARENTAL NEGLECT, NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARACTERISTICS, AND COHABITATION BEHAVIOUR AMONG UNDERGRADUATES: A STUDY OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cohabitation among university students has become a norm and the order of the day, and this act has its own ill effects on different aspects of their lives. This study focused on investigating parental negligence and neighbourhood characteristics as factors contributing to cohabitating behaviour among students in tertiary institutions. The study was a descriptive survey research with a total number of 1801 undergraduates randomly drawn from 6 faculties in 4 higher institutions in Ekiti State. Three standardised instruments were adapted: the Neglectful subscale of the Parenting Style Inventory (?=.82), the Assessment of Subjective Neighbourhood Quality (?=.90), and the cohabitation questionnaire (?=.88) were used as measuring instruments. The data collected were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and T-Test. Based on the result of the findings, it was discovered that parental negligence positively influenced cohabitation behaviour (r = .118, p < 0.05), and neighbourhood characteristics are also a strong influence on cohabitation behaviour (r = .110, p < 0.05) among students in higher institutions in Ekiti State. It is recommended that family life be strengthened and parents reawaken to their responsibilities in order to curb cohabitation behaviour and its ill effects and reduce the influence of the environment their wards find themselves in.

Keywords: Cohabitation, Environmental Characteristics, Parental Negligence, Undergraduates, Tertiary institutions

MENTAL HEALTH AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AMONG POLICE OFFICERS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

Ruth A.( ADERANTI , Taiwo M WILLIAMS , Olubunmi ONUNKUN , Tominiyi OMOTOSHO — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper investigated mental health and aggressive behaviour of police officers in South-West Nigeria and the implications for national security by adopting the cross-sectional survey research design. A sample of 184 police officers was selected through the cluster sampling technique. Valid and reliable instruments used for data collection were Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Mental Health Inventory – 5 (MHI-5) and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Two hypotheses were formulated and analyzed using the simple linear regression analysis and independent t-test at the .05 significance level. Results revealed a significant influence of mental health on aggressive behaviour among police officers in South-West Nigeria (Beta = -.283, t = 9.224, p < .05) and a significant difference in aggressive behaviour between male and female police officers (t = 12.026, df = 182, p < .0005), with male officers (mean = 102.7) being more aggressive than female officers (mean = 87.4). It was subsequently recommended, among others, that the Nigerian government should utilize psychological interventions to inhibit aggressive tendencies among at-risk police officers.

Key Words: Mental health, aggressive behaviour, national security, police officers.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING JUVENILE RECIDIVISM IN SELECTED CORRECTIONAL CENTRES IN LAGOS STATE

ABOSEDE ELIZABETH AJADI — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines socio-economic factors influencing juvenile recidivism in selected correctional centres in Lagos State. Guided by Differential Association Theory and Social Control Theory, the research employs qualitative methods to gather data from juveniles, caregivers, and social workers. Findings reveal that disorganized neighborhoods, peer influence, broken homes, and poverty significantly contribute to recidivism. The study recommends targeted interventions, including family support programs and enhanced monitoring of reintegrated juveniles. These measures aim to reduce juvenile reoffending and promote stable reintegration into society.

Keywords: Juvenile Recidivism, Socio-economic, Correctional Centre, Social Worker.

TEACHERS PERCEPTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES ON CHILDREN’S PERSONALITY TRAIT DEVELOPMENT IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The family has an important role in developing a child's attitudes, beliefs, opportunities, habits and personality traits and also plays a critical function in determining who a child becomes and what he or she accomplishes. Dysfunctional families hurt children as they become withdrawn and socially isolated. This research investigates teachers’ perceptions on the impacts of dysfunctional families on children’s personality trait development in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State. A descriptive research design and a quantitative methodological approach were used in this study. A well-structured and standardized questionnaire on the above construct was used to collect data from 120 teachers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that Teachers were knowledgeable of what a dysfunctional family is, with majority (96.7%) agreeing that a family can be dysfunctional, 87.5% also agreed that a family where one or both parents does not meet family obligations is dysfunctional. The findings also revealed that teachers are aware of the importance of personality traits in the developmental stages of children with 82.5% of the teachers agreed that children with healthy personality traits are more creative, attentive in classrooms and are easy to teach. Teachers’ perception is that dysfunctional families play negative roles in children’s personality trait development. Consequent on these findings, it is recommended that Government and NGOs in charge of education should organize programmes annually to sensitize more teachers and parents on the impacts of dysfunctional families in children’s personality trait development.

Keywords: Perception, Dysfunctional Family, Personality Development, Traits, Children

PERCEIVED PARENTAL ATTACHMENT STYLE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS AS PREDICTORS OF MARITAL SATISFACTION AMONG MARRIED PEOPLE

Solomon A. AGU , Akonam B. ANEKE — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated perceived parental attachment style and psychological symptoms as predictors of marital satisfaction among married people. A total of 271 participants were drawn from the population frame of married Staff of Post Primary School Management Board (PPSMB). They comprise of 105 male and 166 female with the age range between 28 and 64 years, mean age = 41.59 and standard deviation =10.76. Mixed sampling technique (Purposive, convenient) was used. The Experiences of Close Relationships – Relationship Structures (ECR-RS); Symptom Distress Checklist (SCL-90) and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) were used as research instrument. Correlation design was adopted while Hierarchical Multiple Regression statistics result revealed that perceived parental attachment styles (Secure, ? = .45, t = 3.21, p<.05; Anxiety, ? = -.16, t = -2.13, at P < .05) significantly predicted marital satisfaction except for avoidance attachment. The contribution of perceived parental attachment style in explaining the variance in marital satisfaction was 16% (?R² = .16). On the other hand, psychological symptoms (Anxiety, ? = -.27, t = -1.74 p<.05; Depression, ? = -1.10, t = -7.07, p<.01; Hostility, ? = -.28, t = -2.10, p<.05; Neuroticism, ? = -.46, t = -3.74, p<.01) was a significant predictor of marital satisfaction. The contribution of psychological symptoms in explaining the variance in marital satisfaction was 15% (?R² = .15). Finding of the study may help parents understand how their daily communications and interactions with their children can impact their children's emotional and social skills, and how this can impact relationships with future partners.

Key Words: Parental, Attachment, Psychological Symptoms, Marital, Satisfaction

GENDER INEQUALITY AND WOMEN’S CAREER PROSPECTS IN KEBBI STATE CIVIL SERVICE

A.I OMORUAN, S.O ABAH, O.F PHILLIPS, A.P. BAMIDELE — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Gender inequality has emerged as a critical global concern, attracting substantial attention and action from communities and organizations worldwide. One area where women experienced discrimination is the public service. Women occupy 38% representation in public administration across sub-Saharan Africa and 13.7% of executive positions in public service in Nigeria. Cultural beliefs and traditional practices have been implicated in reducing women's status such that it is difficult for them to fully participate in many social, political, and economic activities. The thrust of this paper is to examine the effects of gender inequality among women in the civil service in Kebbi State. Specifically, it examines the main challenges women face in the civil service and how cultural, social, and institutional dynamics impact the career prospects of women. This study followed a cross-sectional descriptive design involving 198 female employees randomly selected in the state. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28.0. The findings of the study reveal that sociocultural and religious beliefs significantly influence the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in the civil service of the state. Cultural norms and deeply rooted traditions appear to perpetuate gender biases, limiting opportunities for women to advance into higher roles. The analysis further demonstrates that gender-sensitive recruitment and promotion policies, while intended to address these disparities, are not effectively implemented, resulting in fewer women occupying higher positions in the civil service. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that address sociocultural and religious barriers while strengthening the implementation of gender-equitable policies.

Keywords: Gender inequality, Women in public service, Career advancement, Policy gaps, Kebbi State

PERSONALITY FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG LECTURERS IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT

S.E OLADIPO, J.W. OWOYELE, D.O. OLANIYAN — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study was carried out mainly on personality factors as determinants of turnover intention among lecturers in Nigerian Universities: the mediating role of affective commitment. Descriptive research design of survey type was adopted for this study and the sample was selected using multistage sampling procedure. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 3,000 participants across the selected Federal and State Universities. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select lecturers from faculties and colleges. Researcher-structured Turnover Intention Scale (r = 0.76), an adapted Personality Factors Scale (r = 0.71), and Affective Commitment Scale (r = 0.74) were used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for hypotheses 1 and 2, regression was used to test the hypotheses 3 while PROCESS-macro with BC Bootstrap with regression estimates were used for mediation effects of the variables on the established relationships at 0.05 alpha level. A negative relationship was found between extraversion (r = -.046; p < 0.05), neuroticism (r = -.051; p < 0.05) and openness to experience (r = -.032; p < 0.05) and turnover intention while positive relationship was established between agreeableness (r = .228; p < 0.05) and conscientiousness (r = .189; p < 0.05) and turnover intention. A negative significant relationship was found between personality factors and affective commitment (r = -.046; p < 0.05). The study further revealed that personality factors highly contribute (? = .050) to turnover intention among lecturers. Further, affective commitment partially mediates between personality factors and turnover intention (F-ratio = 2625.8682, p = .0000, R² = .5623). The study concluded majorly that personality factors significantly relate with turnover intention and affective commitment of lecturers in Nigeria universities and that personality factors have significant relative influence on turnover intention of lecturers in Nigeria universities but affective commitment is a partial mediator between personality factors and turnover intention in this study. It is recommended that due to the important roles being played by the younger and more experienced lecturers, public universities owners should provide attractive facilities and make the universities’ environments more conducive for them in order to discourage turnover intention.

Keywords: Personality Factors, Turnover Intention, Affective Commitment.

A COMPARATIVE CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF RELIGIOUS BROADCASTING: INVESTIGATING MEDIA INFLUENCE IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study conducts a comparative cross-cultural analysis of audience perceptions of religious broadcasting, focusing on South-Western Nigeria. In a region marked by diverse ethnic and religious communities, media plays a pivotal role in shaping public perceptions of religious content. This research investigates the intersection of culture, media consumption, and religious broadcasting by exploring how audiences from different cultural and religious backgrounds engage with and interpret televised religious messages. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study draws on quantitative and qualitative data collected from surveys, focus groups, and media content analysis. The findings reveal significant variations in audience perception, shaped by cultural identity, religious affiliation, and socio-economic factors. Furthermore, the study examines how religious broadcasts influence social cohesion, moral values, and public opinion within these communities. By situating these results within broader media studies and cross-cultural communication frameworks, this research offers fresh insights into the impact of religious broadcasting on multi-ethnic societies. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on media influence in multicultural contexts, particularly in Africa, where religious broadcasting is a critical tool for both spiritual engagement and socio-political discourse. This research highlights the need for broadcasters to be culturally sensitive, offering programming that resonates with the complex identities of their diverse audiences.

Key Words: cross-cultural, analysis, religious-broadcasting, South-Western, Nigeria

TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD THE INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED TEACHING IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE"

James URIEN — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study explores the attitudes of teachers toward the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-based teaching in public secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. Employing a survey research design, the study targeted a sample of 500 participants, including 100 principals and 400 teachers, selected from 12 Local Government Areas. Data were collected using a structured four-point Likert scale questionnaire, the "Attitude of Teachers to Artificial Intelligence-Based Teaching Questionnaire" (ATAITQ). The findings revealed a nuanced attitude among teachers, with some recognizing the potential benefits of AI in education while others displayed concerns and resistance. Charts were used to analyze and present the data visually. The study concluded that teachers' attitudes are influenced by various factors, necessitating targeted interventions, implementing teacher training programs tailored to AI teaching; developing AI teaching methods suitable for local contexts; and promoting collaboration among educators, policymakers, and tech

experts to facilitate AI integration in teaching.

Keywords: Attitude of Teachers, Artificial Intelligence-Based Nigeria