MATERNITY POLICIES AND THE OPT-OUT PENALTY: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN IN STEM FIELDS IN NIGERIAN PRIVATE FIRMS

Abstract

  The underrepresentation of women in STEM fields persists globally, and Nigeria is no exception. The "opt-out" phenomenon, where women leave their careers due to work-family conflicts, is a significant concern. This case study investigates the experiences of women in STEM at a Nigerian fintech company, examining how maternity policies, work-life balance, and company culture influence their career paths. The study reveals that despite policy compliance, the lack of formalized flexible work arrangements and subtle biases create barriers for women returning from maternity leave. The perceived career penalties, undervalued contributions, and challenges of balancing childcare contribute to the decision to "opt-out" for some. The company culture lacks inclusivity, with few women in leadership roles. The study underscores the need for Nigerian private sector companies to go beyond minimum maternity leave mandates and cultivate supportive, inclusive workplaces to retain and advance women in STEM.   Keywords: Gender equality, STEM careers, Maternity leave Policies, Work-life balance.