CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING VOCATIONAL EDUCATION FOR YOUTHS IN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Vocational education, Adult and non-formal education, Unemployment, Empowerment.Abstract
Despite potentials of adopting vocational education as a strategy to empower Nigerian youths and the persistent increasing youth unemployment in the country, inadequate studies on the challenges of providing vocational education for youths in Nigeria has not been given adequate attention in the literature. With the aid of existing literature and secondary data, the paper identified two major avenues for vocational education in the country:  formal education system, and adult and non-formal education system. Challenges of providing vocational education via formal education system include: absence of government’s political will; prevailing perceived ‘inferiority’ of vocational education; inadequate qualified staff; inadequate equipment, materials etc. Challenges of adopting adult and non-formal education approach include political interference in the location, distribution, staffing, equipping and managing these centres. Strategies were proposed to address the identified challenges.ÂReferences
Adebayo, A. and Ogunrinola, I.O. (2006) Contemporary Dimensions of unemployment problem in Nigeria: A
special challenge under the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy. NES 2006, Ibadan,
Nigeria.
Aderinoye R. (2004). Adult and non-Formal Education and the Global Challenges Issues and Perspectives, Ibadan:
Gabesther Educational publisher.
Agbola, Tunde (1985). Apprenticeship and Manpower Training Strategy in Nigeria Building Industry. Quarterly
Journal of the Local Self Government Institute, India, LVI(4222) pp. 278-28
Agbola, T. and Oloaoye, O.O. (2008). Labour supply and manpower development strategies in the Nigerian building
industry. A paper presented at the first Departmental staff/students seminar, Department of Urban and
Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, 15th January, 2008.
Alabi, T. and Alanana, O.O. (2012), Unemployment and Poverty: The Twin Fertilizer for Youth Criminality. Global
Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2):
Asian Development Bank (2008). Skilling the Pacific: Technical and Vocational Education and Training in the
Pacific. Asian Development Bank. 2008-09-01.
ASTE (2016). Career and Technical Education – ASTE. Retrieved on 27 February, 2016 from aste.usu.edu.
Dolnick, E. (1993). Deafness as culture. The Atlantic Monthly, September, pp. 37-53.
e-Forum (2018). TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training). Retrieved on 28 August, 2018 from
http://www.unevoc.unesco.org//forum
Efstratoglou, A & Nikolopoulou, B. (2011). Vocational Training as Educational Policy and as Policy for Employment
and Labor Market. (27-52). In M. Gravani (Ed.). Vocational Education and Training. Cyprus: Open University of
Cyprus.
Egunjobi T.A. (2007) Crime and Unemployment: an Empirical Analysis. A paper presented at Annual Conference of
Nigerian Economic Society. August 2006.
Fajana, S. (2000). Functioning of the Nigerian Labour Market. Lagos: Labonfin and Company
Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) (1985). Report of the Special Committee on the New National Housing Policy
for Nigeria. Unpublished.
Federal Government of Nigeria (2017). Tackling Youth Unemployment In Nigeria A Policy Note August 2017. The
Bureau of Public Service Reform
Gruber, J. and Trickett, E.J. (1987): Can We Empower Others? The Paradox of Empowerment in the Governing of an
Alternative Public School, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 15(3), 1987, pp. 353-371.
Gutiérrez, M., Akhavan, M., Jovanovic, L. and Peterson, C.M. (Eds.) (1998): Empowerment in Social Work Practice.
A Sourcebook, Pacific Grove
Hassan, M.A. (2009). Financing adult and non-formal education in Nigeria. Educational Research and Review 4 (4):
-203.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (1982). “Resolutions Concerning Statistics of the Economically Active
Population and Underemploymentâ€, adopted by the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians.
International Labor Organization. (2007). Global Employment Trends. Geneva: International Labor Office.
Jinadu, A. M. (2004). Understanding the Basics of Housing. Minna King James Publisher
Kotsikis, V. (2007). Educational Administration and Policy. Athens: Ellin.
Marope, P.T.M; Chakroun, B.; Holmes, K.P. (2015). Unleashing the Potential: Transforming Technical and Vocational
Education and Training (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 9–10, 41, 43, 47–48, 80, 95, 98–100. ISBN 978-92-3-100091-1.
Ojo, F. (1986): Manpower Development Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Policies. In Nigeria’s Manpower
Planning Experience. Lagos: Lagos University Press.
Rappaport, J. (1981): In Praise of Paradox: A Social Policy of Empowerment Over Prevention American Journal of
Community Psychology Vo. 9, No1.
Rappaport, J. (1985): The power of empowerment language, Social Policy, 15, pp. 15-21.
UNESCO (2017). Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Retrieved on 1 April, 2017, from
www.unesco.org.
UNESCO-UNEVOC (2017). What is TVET? Retrieved on 1 April, 2017, from www.unevoc.unesco.org.
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (2012).
Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia (2015): ‘Empowerment’. Accessed on 23 July, 2015.
World Bank (2019). World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work.
Zarifis, G. (2000). Vocational education and training policy development for young adults in the European Union: a
thematic analysis of the EU trend of convergence towards integration, drawn from the VET policies adopted in
three member states. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 5 (1), 91-113.
Zarifis, G. (2003). Post-school Vocational Training Initiatives for Young Adults in Greece: the case of IEKs (Vocational
Training Institutes). Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 8 (2): 153-178.
Zimmerman, M.A. and Rappaport, J. (1988). Citizen Participation, perceived control, and psychological
empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology. 16(5): 725 - 750
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright is owned by the journal.